I&O + Types of Intravenous Fluid

Question 1

Types of IV Fluids

Answer 1

Crystalloids
Colloids

Question 2

These are solutions that contain small molecules that flow easily across semipermeable membranes, from the bloodstream into the cells and body tissues.

Answer 2

Crystalloids

Question 3

Osmolality of Isotonic IV Fluids

Answer 3

250 - 375 mOsm/L

Question 4

• These fluids remain within the extracellular compartment and are distributed between intravascular (blood vessels) and interstitial (tissue) spaces, increasing intravascular volume.
• They are used primarily to treat fluid volume deficit.

Answer 4

Isotonic Fluids

Question 5

Osmolality of Hypotonic IVF

Answer 5

<250 mOsm/L

Question 6

• These fluids has lower serum osmolality within the vascular space by causing fluid to shift out of the blood into the cells and tissue spaces.
• Typically used to treat conditions causing intracellular dehydration, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states.

Answer 6

Hypotonic IVF

Question 7

Osmolality of Hypertonic IVF

Answer 7

> 375 mOsm/L

Question 8

• A higher solute concentration causes the osmotic pressure gradient to draw water out of cells, increasing extracellular volume.
• These fluids are often used as volume expanders and may be prescribed for hyponatremia (low sodium). They may also benefit patients with cerebral edema.

Answer 8

Hypertonic IVF

Question 9

•0.9% NaCl in Water
•Crystalloid Solution
•Isotonic (308 mOsm)

Answer 9

PNSS

Question 10

• Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer
• Isotonic (275 mOsm)

Answer 10

LACTATED RINGER’S (LR) OR RINGER’S LACTATE (RL)

Question 11

These are solutions that contains large molecules that do not pass through semipermeable membranes and therefore remain in the blood vessels.
• Also known as volume/plasma expanders, colloids expand intravascular volume by drawing fluid from the interstitial space into the vessels through higher oncotic pressure.

Answer 11

Colloids

Question 12

Process of flushing the bladder with
normal saline to prevent or treat clot formation.

Answer 12

Cystoclysis/ Bladder Irrigation

Question 13

Purposes of Bladder Irrigation

Answer 13

• To prevent blood clot formation
• To drain the bladder when acute urinary retention is present
• To relieve bladder spasm
• To free blockage in the urinary catheter or tubing

Question 14

Types of Bladder irrigation

Answer 14

Open Bladder Irrigation System
Closed Bladder Irrigation System

Question 15

❑ also called MANUAL IRRIGATION
❑This is used when bladder irrigations are required less frequently and there are no blood clots or large mucous fragments

Answer 15

Open Bladder Irrigation System

Question 16

❑ involves instilling sterile irrigation solution into the bladder allowing the fluid to drain out

Answer 16

Closed Bladder Irrigation System