I. Introduction to Nutrition

Question 1

What is Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)?

Answer 1

ADF measures cellulose and lignin (indigestible plant fiber) in feed, indicating digestibility.

Question 2

What does Ash represent in feed analysis?

Answer 2

Ash measures the total mineral content in feed.

Question 3

How is Crude Fiber (CF) significant?

Answer 3

Crude Fiber measures the indigestible parts of plant material (like cellulose and hemicellulose), which is crucial for understanding the feed’s impact on digestion and health, especially for ruminants.

Question 4

What does Crude Protein (CP) measure?

Answer 4

CP estimates protein content by multiplying nitrogen by 6.25

Question 5

What is Dry Matter (DM) in feed?

Answer 5

DM indicates the water content in feed; higher DM means less moisture.

Question 6

Define Feed.

Answer 6

Feed refers to any edible material that provides nutrients to animals.

Question 7

What does Ether Extract (EE) estimate?

Answer 7

EE represents the fat content (lipid portion) in the feed.

Question 8

What is Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)?

Answer 8

NDF measures cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, showing total fiber content.

Question 9

What is Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE)?

Answer 9

NFE estimates soluble carbohydrates in feed, calculated by subtracting other components from 100%.

Question 10

What is Proximate Analysis?

Answer 10

its a method to estimate nutrient content by dividing feed into basic components: Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), Ash, and Crude Fiber (CF). These represent the major nutritional aspects of feed.

Question 11

Why is nutrition important in livestock?

Answer 11

Proper nutrition supports animal health, productivity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Question 12

What are the six major classes of nutrients?

Answer 12

Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 13

How is crude protein (CP) determined?

Answer 13

CP is determined by measuring nitrogen content and multiplying by 6.25.

Question 14

What does ether extract (EE) represent?

Answer 14

EE represents the fat content in the feed.

Question 15

What happens to moisture content as dry matter (DM) increases?

Answer 15

As DM increases, moisture content decreases.

Question 16

Which component is a calculated value in proximate analysis?

Answer 16

Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE) is a calculated value, not directly measured.

Question 17

What does ash measure in feed?

Answer 17

Ash measures the mineral content of feed.

Question 18

Calculate crude protein if nitrogen content is 7.0 g.

Answer 18

Crude protein = 7.0 g × 6.25 = 43.75 g.

Question 19

Which component is not part of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)?

Answer 19

Hemicellulose (part of plant fiber) is included in NDF, while lignin is more closely associated with ADF.

Question 20

Why is proper nutrition critical for livestock?

Answer 20

Proper nutrition improves health, production, and resource efficiency, and ensures safe food for humans.