I Flashcards

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1
Q

iconoclast

A

(noun) someone who attacks traditional beliefs or institutions.

Comedian Stephen Colbert enjoys his reputation as an iconoclast, though people in power often resent his satirical jabs.

iconoclasm (noun)
iconoclastic (adjective)

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2
Q

idiosyncratic

A

(adjective) peculiar to an individual; eccentric.

Cyndi Lauper sings pop music in an idiosyncratic style, mingling high-pitched whoops and squeals with throaty gurgles.

idiosyncrasy (noun)

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3
Q

idolatry

A

(noun) the worship of a person, thing, or institution as a god.

In Communist China, Chairman Mao was the subject of idolatry; his picture was displayed everywhere, and millions of Chinese memorized his sayings.

idolatrous (adjective)

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4
Q

impartial

A

(adjective) fair, equal, unbiased.

If a judge is not impartial, then all of her rulings are questionable.

impartiality (noun)

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5
Q

impeccable

A

(adjective) flawless.

The crooks printed impeccable copies of the Super Bowl tickets, making it impossible to distinguish them from the real ones.

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6
Q

impetuous

A

(adjective) acting hastily or impulsively.

Stuart’s resignation was an impetuous act; he did it without thinking, and he soon regretted it.

impetuosity (noun)

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7
Q

impinge

A

(verb) to encroach upon, touch, or affect.

You have a right to do whatever you want, so long as your actions don’t impinge on the rights of others.

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8
Q

implicit

A

(adjective) understood without being openly expressed; implied.

Although most clubs had no rules excluding minorities, many had an implicit understanding that no member of a minority group would be allowed to join.

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9
Q

impute

A

(verb) to credit or give responsibility to; to attribute.

Although Helena’s comments embarrassed me, I don’t impute any ill will to her; I think she didn’t realize what she was saying.

imputation (noun)

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10
Q

inarticulate

A

(adjective) unable to speak or express oneself clearly and understandably.

A skilled athlete may be an inarticulate public speaker, as demonstrated by many post-game interviews.

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11
Q

incisive

A

(adjective) clear and direct expression.

Franklin settled the debate with a few incisive remarks that summed up the issue perfectly.

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12
Q

incompatible

A

(adjective) unable to exist together; conflicting.

Many people hold seemingly incompatible beliefs: for example, supporting the death penalty while believing in the sacredness of human life.

incompatibility (noun)

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13
Q

inconsequential

A

(adjective) of little importance.

When the flat screen TV was delivered, it was a different shade of gray than I expected, but the difference was inconsequential.

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14
Q

incontrovertible

A

(adjective) impossible to question.

The fact that Alexandra’s fingerprints were the only ones on the murder weapon made her guilt seem incontrovertible.

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15
Q

incorrigible

A

(adjective) impossible to manage or reform.

Lou is an incorrigible trickster, constantly playing practical jokes no matter how much his friends complain.

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16
Q

incremental

A

(adjective) increasing gradually by small amounts.

Although the initial cost of the Medicare program was small, the incremental expenses have grown to be very large.

increment (noun)

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17
Q

incriminate

A

(verb) to give evidence of guilt.

The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution says that no one is required to reveal information that would incriminate him or her in a crime.

incriminating (adjective)

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18
Q

incumbent

A

(noun) someone who occupies an office or position.

It is often difficult for a challenger to win a seat in Congress from the incumbent.

incumbency (noun)
incumbent (adjective)

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19
Q

indeterminate

A

(adjective) not definitely known.

The college plans to enroll an indeterminate number of students; the size of the class will depend on the number of applicants and how many accept offers of admission.

determine (verb)

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20
Q

indifferent

A

(adjective) unconcerned, apathetic.

The mayor’s small proposed budget for education suggests that he is indifferent to the needs of our schools.

indifference (noun)

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21
Q

indistinct

A

(adjective) unclear, uncertain.

We could see boats on the water, but in the thick morning fog their shapes were indistinct.

22
Q

indomitable

A

(adjective) unable to be conquered or controlled.

The world admired the indomitable spirit of Nelson Mandela; he remained courageous despite years of imprisonment.

23
Q

induce

A

(verb) to cause.

The doctor prescribed a medicine that was supposed to induce a lowering of the blood pressure.

induction (noun)

24
Q

ineffable

A

(adjective) difficult to describe or express.

He gazed in silence at the sunrise over the Taj Mahal, his eyes reflecting an ineffable sense of wonder.

25
Q

inevitable

A

(adjective) unable to be avoided.

Once the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, American involvement in World War II was inevitable.

inevitability (noun)

26
Q

inexorable

A

(adjective) unable to be deterred; relentless.

It’s difficult to imagine how the mythic character of Oedipus could have avoided his evil destiny; his fate appears inexorable.

27
Q

ingenious

A

(adjective) showing cleverness and originality.

The Post-it note is an ingenious solution to a common problem - how to mark papers without spoiling them.

ingenuity (noun)

28
Q

inherent

A

(adjective) naturally part of something.

Compromise is inherent in democracy, since everyone cannot get his or her way.

inhere (verb)
inherence (noun)

29
Q

innate

A

(adjective) inborn, native.

Not everyone who takes piano lessons becomes a fine musician, which shows that music requires innate talent as well as training.

30
Q

innocuous

A

(adjective) harmless, inoffensive.

I was surprised that Melissa took offense at such an innocuous joke.

31
Q

inoculate

A

(verb) to prevent a disease by infusing with a disease-causing organism.

Pasteur found he could prevent rabies by inoculating patients with the virus that causes the disease.

inoculation (noun)

32
Q

insipid

A

(adjective) flavorless, uninteresting.

Some TV shows are so insipid that you can watch them while reading without missing a thing.

insipidity (noun)

33
Q

insolence

A

(noun) an attitude or behavior that is bold and disrespectful.

Some feel that news reporters who shout questions at the president are behaving with insolence.

insolent (adjective)

34
Q

insular

A

(adjective) narrow or isolated in attitude or viewpoint.

Americans are famous for their insular attitudes; they seem to think that nothing important has ever happened outside of their country.

insularity (noun)

35
Q

insurgency

A

(noun) uprising, rebellion.

The angry townspeople had begun an insurgency bordering on downright revolution; they were collecting arms, holding secret meetings, and refusing to pay certain taxes.

insurgent (adjective)

36
Q

integrity

A

(noun) honesty, uprightness; soundness, completeness.

“Honest Abe” Lincoln is considered a model of political integrity. Inspectors examined the building’s support beams and foundation and found no reason to doubt its structural integrity.

37
Q

interlocutor

A

(noun) someone taking part in a dialogue or conversation.

Annoyed by the constant questions from someone in the crowd, the speaker challenged his interlocutor to offer a better plan.

interlocutory (adjective)

38
Q

interlude

A

(noun) an interrupting period or performance.

The two most dramatic scenes in King Lear are separated, strangely, by a comic interlude starring the king’s jester.

39
Q

interminable

A

(adjective) endless or seemingly endless.

Addressing the United Nations, Castro announced, “We will be brief” - then delivered an interminable 4-hour speech.

40
Q

intransigent

A

(adjective) unwilling to compromise.

Despite the mediator’s attempts to suggest a fair solution, the two parties were intransigent, forcing a showdown.

intransigence (noun)

41
Q

intrepid

A

(adjective) fearless and resolute.

Only an intrepid adventurer is willing to undertake the long and dangerous trip by sled to the South Pole.

intrepidity (noun)

42
Q

intrusive

A

(adjective) forcing a way in without being welcome.

The legal requirement of a search warrant is supposed to protect Americans from intrusive searches by the police.

intrude (verb)
intrusion (noun)

43
Q

intuitive

A

(adjective) known directly, without apparent thought or effort.

An experienced chess player sometimes has an intuitive sense of the best move to make, even if she can’t explain it.

intuit (verb)
intuition (noun)

44
Q

inundate

A

(verb) to flood; to overwhelm.

As soon as the playoff tickets went on sale, eager fans inundated the box office with orders.

45
Q

invariable

A

(adjective) unchanging, constant.

When writing a book, it was her invariable habit to rise at 6 a.m. and work at her desk from 7 to 12.

invariability (noun)

46
Q

inversion

A

(noun) a turning backwards, inside-out, or upside-down; a reversal.

Latin poetry often features inversion of word order; for example, the first line of Virgil’s Aeneid: “Arms and the man I sing.”

invert (verb)
inverted (adjective)

47
Q

inveterate

A

(adjective) persistent, habitual.

It’s very difficult for an inveterate gambler to give up the pastime.

inveteracy (noun)

48
Q

invigorate

A

(verb) to give energy to, to stimulate.

As her car climbed the mountain road, Lucinda felt invigorated by the clear air and the cool breezes.

49
Q

invincible

A

(adjective) impossible to conquer or overcome.

For three years at the height of his career, boxer Mike Tyson seemed invincible.

50
Q

inviolable

A

(adjective) impossible to attack or trespass upon.

In the president’s remote hideaway at Camp David, guarded by the Secret Service, his privacy is, for once, inviolable.

51
Q

irrational

A

(adjective) unreasonable.

Richard knew that his fear of insects was irrational, but he was unable to overcome it.

irrationality (noun)

52
Q

irresolute

A

(adjective) uncertain how to act, indecisive.

The line in the ice cream shop grew as the irresolute child wavered between her two favorite ice cream flavors before finally choosing one.

irresolution (noun)