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Earth Sci 8,9,10,11 > I > Flashcards

I Flashcards

1
Q

How many percent of Earth is composed of land and it plays an important role in terrestrial organisms?

A

29%

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2
Q

It is unconsolidated regolith modified over time by water, air, and organic material.

A

SOIL

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3
Q

It is a mixture of minerals, air, water, and organic matter in the correct proportions.

A

FERTILE SOIL

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4
Q

It is the study of soil as a habitat for living organisms.

A

EDAPHOLOGY

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5
Q

It is the study of soil as geologic entity, meaning, its
formation, classification, chemistry, and morphology.

A

Pedology

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6
Q

breakdown of rocks from the result of a mechanical action.

A

Physical weathering

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7
Q
  • breakdown of rocks through a change in their chemical makeup.
A

CHEMICAL WEATHERING

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8
Q

the breakdown of rocks by living things.

A

Biological weathering

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9
Q

Or the type of rock eroded

A

Parent material

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10
Q

Affects soil quality

A

Time

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11
Q

Affects rate of weathering

A

CLIMATE

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12
Q

and their activities affect formation

A

Organisms

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13
Q

or the land surface

A

Topography

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14
Q

and its different agents

A

Weathering

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15
Q

is determined by the size of the mineral particles within the soil.

A

Soil texture

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16
Q

The largest soil particles which consist of fragments larger than 2.0 millimeters in diameter.

A

Gravel

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17
Q

between 0.05 and 2.0 millimeters

A

Sand particles

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18
Q

range from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter

A

SILT PARTICLES

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19
Q

smallest particle which are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter

A

Clay particles

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20
Q

The ideal soil for agriculture. It provides good aeration and drainage properties of large particles with nutrient-retention and water- holding ability

A

Loam

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21
Q

It is a standard system for classifying soils according to the amount of clay, silt, and sand.

A

USDA

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22
Q

frozen soils

A

Gelisols

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23
Q

Organic wetland soils

A

Histosols

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24
Q

cool, temperate acidic soils.

A

Spodosols

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25
Q

volcanic ash soils

A

Andisols

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26
Q

highly weathered tropical soils

A

Oxisols

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27
Q

shrinking and swelling soils

A

Vertisols

28
Q

dryland soils

A

aridisols

29
Q

weathered tropical and subtropical.

A

Ultisols

30
Q

Grassland soils

A

Mollisols

31
Q

moderately weathered soils

A

Alfisols

32
Q

slightly developed soils

A

Inceptisols

33
Q

undeveloped soils

A

Entisols

34
Q

are ones that can be used for farming.

A

Arable lands

35
Q

In a census of Agriculture and Fisheries in 1991, Philippines has 10 million hectares of agricultural lands.
● As of 2020, there is total of 13.42 million hectares of agricultural land in the country.

A

Agriculture land

36
Q

They are used in planting nipa palm and mangroves in marshes. Oil palm production is successful in some areas in Mindanao due to this soil order.

A

Histosols

37
Q

They are used to plant fruit trees, bananas, and pineapples.

A

Andisols

38
Q

They are generally found under cogon, talahib, second-growth bushes, and shrubs, and tree-type species.

A

Oxisols

39
Q

They are usually used to plant rice and some vegetables.

A

Vertisols

40
Q

They are usually used to plant pineapple, cassava, sugarcane, banana, and some forest tree species.

A

Ultisols

41
Q

They are usually used to cultivate coffee, banana, and a variety of other crops.

A

Mollisols

42
Q

They are usually used to plant bananas and some fruit trees.

A

Alfisols

43
Q

They are usually used in planting paddy rice, fruit trees, and a diversity of other crops.

A

Inceptisols

44
Q

They are used in planting diversified crops in the alluvial plains, some fruit trees, paddy rice, and coconuts.

A

Entisols

45
Q

● This is defined as the change in soil health which results in decreased capacity of soil to support organisms.

A

Soil degradation

46
Q

include rainfall, runoff, floods, wind erosion, tillage, and mass movements.

A

Physical

47
Q

activities by organisms and human that degrade the soil

A

Biological

48
Q

involve reduction of soil quality due to changes in alkalinity and acidity of water.

A

Chemical

49
Q

Deforestation exposes the soil and affects the retention of water.
• Pesticides and fertilizers can alter the composition of soil and organisms.
Runoff

A

Anthropogenic Activities

50
Q

Industries and mining activities reduce nutrients or increase the amount of toxins in the soil

A

Anthropogenic activities

51
Q

Some areas are more at risk than others.

A

Areas of concern

52
Q

 It refers to the tilling at right angles to the slope of the land. It is one of the simplest methods of preventing soil erosion.

A

Contour farming

53
Q

 It is practiced when a slope is too steep or too long.

A

Strip farming

54
Q

One practical method of preventing soil erosion on a very steep land is to construct terraces.

A

Terracing

55
Q

are depressions on sloping land where water collects and flows off the land.

A

Waterways

56
Q

The wind may also cause erosion. are plantings of trees or other plants that protect the bare soil from the full force of the wind. Windbreaks reduce the speed of the wind and decreases the amount of soil that is carried away.

A

WINDBREAKS

57
Q

the top soil of leaching from which downward percolation of water has removed some clays and soluble ions. It is also commonly rich in organic matters (humus).

A

A horizon

58
Q

–Thesubsoilofaccumulation. Clays are more prevalent and organic matter is less abundant.

A

B horizon

59
Q

Thetransitionfromthesoil profile to the unweathered parent material below.

A

C horizon

60
Q

Air percent

A

25

61
Q

Water percent

A

25

62
Q

Mineral particles percent

A

45

63
Q

Organic matter percent

A

5

64
Q

Humus percent

A

80

65
Q

Roots

A

10

66
Q

Organism

A

10

Earth Sci 8,9,10,11 (5 decks)

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