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HGE > HYRAULICS > Flashcards

HYRAULICS Flashcards

1
Q

Type of flow in which the fluid
particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamlines.

A

rotational flow

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2
Q

Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another.

A

incompressible flow

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3
Q

Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum.

A

critical flow

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4
Q

Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same.

A

Continuous flow

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5
Q

Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant:

A

laminar flow

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6
Q

Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section.

A

uniform flow

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7
Q

Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time.

A

steady flow

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8
Q

When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated
network, the flow is called:

A

turbulent

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9
Q

The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:

A

equal to the BASE (half of a regular hexagon)

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10
Q

Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to:

A

velocity head

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11
Q

When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in:

A

neutral equilibrium

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12
Q

The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately ___ diameter downstream from the inner face of the orifice plate.

A

1/2 (one-half)

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13
Q

A fluid property that measures the fluid’s resistance to shear stress.

A

viscosity

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14
Q

A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to tranquil flow.

A

hydraulic jump

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15
Q

A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum
change) is referred to in hydraulics as:

A

water hammer

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16
Q

The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called:

A

specific weight

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17
Q

The metacentric height is the distance between the

A

center of gravity of the floating
body and the metacenter

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18
Q

When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in?

A

unstable equilibrium

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19
Q

A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening.

A

Torricelli

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20
Q

Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to:

A

Archimedes

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21
Q

The volume of a gas at constant
temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to:

A

Boyle

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22
Q

In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:

A

Bernoulli

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23
Q

The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is attributed to:

A

Pascal

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24
Q

In open channel water flows under

A

force of gravity

25
Q

As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure

A

comes closer to the center of
gravity of the area

26
Q

If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will

A

rise on the rear side and fall on
the front side of the tank

27
Q

All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer
pressure can be reduced by

A. using pipe of greater diameter
B. using pipe of greater wall
thickness
C. using a more elastic pipe
D. increasing the velocity of the
pressure wave

A

C. using a more elastic pipe

28
Q

Which one of the following statements is not correct?
A. Specific energy is the total
energy above the floor of an open channel
B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths
C. Velocity of flow is critical at
maximum specific energy
D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

A

C. Velocity of flow is critical at
maximum specific energy

29
Q

For most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept

A

half the width

30
Q

In flow, the liquid particles may
possess
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. pressure energy
D. all the above

A

D. all the above

31
Q

Gauge pressure is
A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure
B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure
C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure
D. none of these

A

A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure

32
Q

For the most economical trapezoidal open channel,
A. half of the top width must be
equal to one of the sloping sides
B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow
C. the semicircle drawn with top
width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

33
Q

The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to
A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface
B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
C. product of pressure at its
centroid and the area
D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

A

B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

34
Q

The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir?

A

1:4

35
Q

An open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane. The free water surface will
A. be horizontal
B. make an angle in direction of
inclination of inclined plane
C. make an angle in opposite
direction to inclination of
inclined plane
D. any one of above is possible

A

C. make an angle in opposite
direction to inclination of
inclined plane

36
Q

Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?
A. density
B. specific gravity
C. viscosity
D. compressibility

A

C. viscosity

37
Q

When a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus generated is known as:
A. water hammer
B. pressure wave
C. flow hammer
D. jet hammer

A

A. water hammer

38
Q

The continuity equation is based on the principle of:
A. conservation of mass
B. conservation of momentum
C. conservation of energy
D. conservation of force

A

A. conservation of mass

39
Q

Which of the following statements are correct:
I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL
II. EGL slopes downward in the
direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump
III. EGL is always above the HGL
IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is
horizontal

A. I,II, and III only
B. II,III, and IV only
C. III and IV only
D. All of the above

A

B. II,III, and IV only

40
Q

Minimum specific energy of an open rectangular channel with critical depth dc.

A

(3/2)d

41
Q

The pressure at a point in a fluid is called hydrostatic pressure if:
A. The fluid is in motion
B. The fluid is incompressible
C. The fluid is at rest
D. The fluid has high viscosity

A

C. The fluid is at rest

42
Q

Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of
A. Actual velocity of jet at vena
contracta to the theoretical
velocity
B. Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
C. Actual discharge through an
orifice to the theoretical
discharge
D. None of the above

A

A. Actual velocity of jet at vena
contracta to the theoretical
velocity

43
Q

If cohesion between molecules of a fluid is greater than adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of fluid
in a dipped glass tube will be
A. Higher than the surface of liquid
B. The same as the surface of liquid
C. Lower than the surface of liquid
D. Unpredictable

A

C. Lower than the surface of liquid

44
Q

For a long pipe, the head loss
A. at the entrance is ignored
B. at the outlet is ignored
C. at the entrance and outlet both are ignored
D. due to friction is ignored

A

C. at the entrance and outlet both are ignored

45
Q

Falling drops of water become spheres due to
A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. surface tension
D. viscosity

A

C. surface tension

46
Q

An open container filled with water is moved vertically upward with a uniform
linear acceleration. The pressure at its bottom will be
A. greater than static pressure
B. equal to static pressure
C. lesser than static pressure
D. none of these

A

A. greater than static pressure

47
Q

The width of a weir with end
contraction, is
A. equal to the width of the channel
B. less than the width of the channel
C. half the width of the channel
D. none of these

A

B. less than the width of the channel

48
Q

The specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m3
A. at normal pressure of 760 mm
B. at 4°C temperature
C. at mean sea level
D. all the above

A

D. all the above

49
Q

The rise of the liquid along the walls of a revolving cylinder above the initial level, is
A. greater than the depression of the liquid at the axis of rotation
B. lesser than the depression of the liquid at the axis of rotation
C. the same as the depression of the liquid at the axis of rotation
D. none of these

A

C. the same as the depression of the liquid at the axis of rotation

50
Q

Atmospheric pressure varies with
A. altitude
B. temperature
C. weather conditions
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

51
Q

A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to tranquil flow.
A. hydraulic jump
B. water hammer
C. turbulence
D. oh shocks

A

A. hydraulic jump

52
Q

An instrument mainly used in measuring the discharge through pipes.
A. Manometer
B. Pitot tube
C. Venturi meter
D. Piezometer

A

C. Venturi meter

53
Q

A bent (L-shaped or U-shaped) with both ends open and is used to measure the velocity
of fluid flow or velocity of air flow as used in airplane speedometer.
A. Manometer
B. Pitot tube
C. Venturi meter
D. Piezometer

A

B. Pitot tube

54
Q

They are used to measure pressure heads in pipes where the liquid is in motion.
A. Manometer
B. Pitot tube
C. Venturi meter
D. Piezometer

A

D. Piezometer

55
Q

The locus of elevations to which liquid successive piezometer tubes to any selected datum is known as.
A. Hydraulic gradient
B. Hydraulic head
C. Energy head
D. Energy gradient

A

A. Hydraulic gradient

56
Q

The difference between energy gradient and hydraulic gradient is called.
A. Elevation head
B. Velocity head
C. Pressure head
D. Energy head

A

B. Velocity head

57
Q

The section on the jet where the contraction ceases is called the:
A. vena contracta
B. vena catarata
C. vena contrata
D. vena contraction

A

A. vena contracta

58
Q

Is the name given to the behavior of the liquid in a thin-bored tube.
A. capillarity
B. surface tension
C. viscosity
D. meniscus

A

A. capillarity

59
Q

An overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring the flow.
A. Embankment
B. Weir
C. Riprap
D. Dam

A

B. Weir

HGE (3 decks)

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