Hypoxia And Carbon Dioxide Transport

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

Dec DO2 or VO2
Hypoxic-hypoxia: inadequate ventilation due to deficiency of O2 in atm, high alt
Hypoxemia always causes hypoxia
R to L shunt (venous to arterial): congenital heart disease, hypoxemia
Inadequate transport: anemic-hypoxia, circulatory-hypoxia, tissue edema, CO poisoning
Histotoxic-hypoxia: inability of tissues to use oxygen, cyanide poisoning

Question 2

CO2 transport in physical solution

Answer 2

More soluble in water than O2

Readily diffuses from tissues

Question 3

Carbamino compounds

Answer 3

Bound to Hb
CO2 Hb dissociation curve
No plateau and not sigmoidal
Affected by partial pressure of oxygen

Question 4

Haldane effect

Answer 4

Pro toes transport of CO2 away from tissues and promotes elimination of CO2 to lungs

Bohr effect promotes transport of oxygen away from lungs and towards tissue

Question 5

Bicarbonate

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase not present in plasma
Able to diffuse across rbc cell membrane
Plasma:rbc is 55:45 and represents electrical nonequilibrium
Rbc impermeable to cations and thus get a chloride shift to balance out electrical nonequilibrium
70% of CO2 travels in blood as bicarbonate