Hypoxia

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

deficiency of blood reaching tissues

Question 2

Anoxia

Answer 2

severe hypoxia

Question 3

• review the shared HIF-pathway gene variants and expression patterns and the distinct adaptations (resting ventilation; hemoglobin concentrations in their blood) of the Andeans (hemotologic) vs Tibetans (respiratory) to high altitudes

Question 4

Ischemia

Answer 4

low blood flow

Question 5

Hematocrit

Answer 5

the volume of blood being red blood cells (normally 40%)

Question 6

Short-term responses to hypoxia

Answer 6

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation (paracrine, intracrine)

Question 7

Long-term responses to hypoxia

Answer 7

increased tissue vascularization (paracrine; local hypoxia
increased hematocrit (endocrine; systemic hypoxia)

Question 8

Paracrine

Answer 8

type of extracellular signaling that sends signal to neighboring cells

Question 9

Autocrine

Answer 9

type of extracellular signaling that has signal receptor on its own surface

Question 10

Endocrine

Answer 10

type of extracellular signaling that utilizes blood to carry product

Question 11

Andeans

Answer 11

resting ventilation is 50% higher than ours

Question 12

Tibetans

Answer 12

hemoglobic concentration is higher than ours

Question 13

Detection of hypoxia is signaled by what?

Answer 13

HIF1a levels

Question 14

In hypoxia conditions, describe what happens to HIF1a

Answer 14

lack of O2 disallows hydroxylation –> HIF1a accumulates –> HIF1a activates VEGF transcription