Hypovolemia

Question 1

B

Answer 1

Decreased oxygen saturations
Increased respiratory rate
Cyanosis

Question 2

C

Answer 2

Reduced capillary refill time 
Cool peripheries 
Weak pulse 
Tachycardia 
Low blood pressure 
Reduced urine output

Question 3

D

Answer 3

Reduced consciousness

Hyperglycemia

Question 4

What causes decreased oxygen saturation?

Answer 4

Maldistribution of blood flow

Question 5

What causes increased respiratory rate?

Answer 5

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis to try and remove the carbon dioxide and decrease the level of acidosis within the blood.
The peripheral chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect a drop in oxygen and increase of carbon dioxide, and send impulses to the medulla to increase the respiratory rate.

Question 6

What causes cyanosis?

Answer 6

The body diverts blood away from the extremities and non essential organs to preserve the central circulation to the vital organs

Question 7

What causes reduced capillary refill time, cold peripheries and a weak pulse?

Answer 7

The body diverts blood away from the extremities and non essential organs to preserve the central circulation to the vital organs

Question 8

What causes a drop in blood pressure?

Answer 8

A decrease in vascular resistance caused by reduced blood flow in the vessels triggers a drop in blood pressure.

Question 9

What causes a reduced urine output?

Answer 9

Perfusion and oxygenation to the kidneys is reduced, so they slow down.
The kidneys release antidiuretic hormone to maintain fluid within the intravascular spaces and allow the kidneys to conserve water.

Question 10

What causes tachycardia?

Answer 10

A drop in blood pressure prompts a compensatory increase in heart rate to maintain perfusion
The heart responds to a decreased stroke volume by increasing the heart rate.

Question 11

What causes reduced consciousness?

Answer 11

Reduced cerebral blood flow results in cerebral hypoxia; the brain is not being supplied with adequate levels of oxygen causing a progressive loss of consciousness.

Question 12

What causes hypoglycemia?

Answer 12

As a result of the physiological stress response

Question 13

Define hypovolemia

Answer 13

Hypovolemia occurs as a result of low blood volume in the intravascular space and causes inadequate tissue perfusion and the reduced delivery of oxygen to the tissues.