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hypovolemia Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid.

A

HYPOVOLEMIA

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2
Q

occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they
exist in normal body fluids; thus, the ratio of serum electrolytes to water
remains the same.

A

HYPOVOLEMIA

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3
Q

refers to loss of water alone, with increased serum sodium levels.

A

Dehydration

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4
Q

pathophysiology of hypovolemia

A

Loss of body fluids + decreased fluid intake

Prolonged period of inadequate intake.

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5
Q

Causes of Loss of Water and Electrolytes

A

Vomiting

  • Diarrhea
  • Fistulas
  • Blood loss
  • Gastrointestinal suction
  • Third space fluid shifts
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6
Q

causes of Prolonged Period of Inadequate Intake

A
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Inability to gain access to fluid
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7
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS in hypovolemia

A 
Neurological
Mucous membranes
Integumentary
Urinary
Cardiovascular
Metabolic processes
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8
Q

Potential complication of hypovolemia

A

Hypovolaemic shock

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9
Q

blood pressure of hypovolemia

A

Decreased systolic

Postural hypotension

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10
Q

Heart rate of hypovolemia

A

Increased

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11
Q

Pulse amplitude of hypovolemia

A

Decreased

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12
Q

Respirations of hypovolemia

A

normal

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13
Q

Jugular vein of hypovolemia

A

flat

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14
Q

edema in hypovolemia

A

rare

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15
Q

skin turgor of hypovolemia

A

Loose, poor turgor

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16
Q

Urine output of hypovolemia

A

Low concentrated

17
Q

weight in hypovolemia

A

loss

18
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin

A

Decreased plasma volume

19
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA
Increased serum and urine osmolality
and specific gravity

A

due to kidney’s attempt to conserve

water

20
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Decreased urine sodium

A

due to secretion of aldosterone

21
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Increased BUN and creatinine

A

a volume-depleted patient has a BUN
elevated out of proportion to the
serum creatinine (ratio greater than
20:1)

22
Q

Serum Electrolyte changes

hypokalemia

A

Occurs with GI and renal losses.

23
Q

Serum Electrolyte changes

hyperkalemia

A

Occurs with adrenal insufficiency

24
Q

Serum Electrolyte changes

hyponatremia

A

Occurs with increased thirst and ADH

release.

25
Q

Serum Electrolyte changes

hypernatremia

A

Results from increased insensible

losses and diabetes insipidus.

26
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPOVOLEMIA

A

HYDRATION
MONITORING
FLUID CHALLENGE

27
Q

rapid administration of a designated amount of
intravenous fluid when urine output is low and cardiac or renal function is
typical fluid challenge test involves administering 100 to 200 ml of
normal saline solution over 15 minutes.

A

Fluid Challenge

28
Q

The goal is to provide fluids rapidly enough to attain adequate tissue
perfusion without compromising the cardiovascular system. The response
by a patient with FVD but normal renal function is increased urine output
and an increase in blood pressure and central venous pressure.

A

Fluid Challenge

29
Q

a hemodynamic monitoring method for monitoring method for

evaluating fluid volume status

A

Central Venous Pressure

30
Q

Normal CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE CVP range

A

2 to 5mmHg

31
Q

Low CVP-

A

inadequate venous return from fluid deficit and hypovolemia or
peripheral vasodilation

32
Q

High CVP

A

fluid overload, cardiac problems that decrease cardiac contractility
or pulmonary disorders that Increase pulmonary vascular resistance

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Monitor I and O every 7 hours. Normal Urine Output is 30m/hour

A

FALSE, 8 HOURS

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
180 measurements are totaled at the end of the shift (every 8 to 12 hours),
and the totals are recorded in a client’s chart

A

TRUE

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Compare the total 12-hour fluid output measurement with the total 24-
hour fluid intake measurement and compare both to previous
measurements

A

FALSE, 24-HOUR FLUID OUTPUT

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Clients whose output substantially exceeds intake are at risk for fluid
volume deficit, whereas clients whose intake substantially exceeds output
are at risk for fluid volume excess

A

TRUE

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
When there is a significant discrepancy between intake and output or
when fluid intake or output is inadequate (for example, a urine output of
less than 30 mL/h in an adult)

A

TRUE

38
Q

WHAT ARE THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

A

Deficient fluid volume
Ineffective tissue perfusion
Risk for injury

medsurg (1 decks)

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