Hypothesis testing Flashcards
What is a hypothesis in statistical testing?
A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested statistically, typically involving a claim about a population parameter.
True or False: The null hypothesis is always assumed to be true until evidence suggests otherwise.
True
What does the alternative hypothesis represent?
The alternative hypothesis represents a statement that contradicts the null hypothesis and indicates a change or effect.
What is the significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?
The significance level (alpha) is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
Fill in the blank: In a one proportion z test, we test hypotheses about a __________.
single population proportion
What is the formula for the z statistic in a one proportion z test?
The formula is z = (p̂ - p0) / sqrt[p0(1 - p0) / n], where p̂ is the sample proportion, p0 is the population proportion, and n is the sample size.
What does p̂ represent in the context of a one proportion z test?
p̂ represents the sample proportion.
What does p0 represent in hypothesis testing?
p0 represents the hypothesized population proportion.
True or False: A p-value less than the significance level indicates sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
True
What is the purpose of conducting a one proportion z test?
The purpose is to determine whether the sample proportion differs significantly from a known or hypothesized population proportion.
What does a high p-value indicate about the null hypothesis?
A high p-value suggests that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a step in hypothesis testing? A) State the hypotheses B) Collect data C) Ignore the results D) Make a decision
C) Ignore the results
What is the critical value in hypothesis testing?
The critical value is the threshold that the test statistic must exceed to reject the null hypothesis.
Fill in the blank: The decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis is based on comparing the __________ with the critical value.
test statistic
True or False: The one proportion z test can be used for small sample sizes.
False
What is the minimum sample size required for a one proportion z test to be valid?
The sample size should be large enough so that np0 and n(1 - p0) are both greater than or equal to 5.
What does it mean if the confidence interval for a proportion does not contain the value of p0?
It indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the sample proportion and the hypothesized population proportion.
Multiple Choice: In a one proportion z test, which of the following is true? A) p̂ must equal p0 B) The test is only for categorical data C) Sample size does not matter D) The null hypothesis can be rejected
B) The test is only for categorical data
What is Type I error in hypothesis testing?
Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.
What is Type II error in hypothesis testing?
Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.
