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09_Endocrine & Diabetes TC > Hypothalamus & Pituitary Physiology > Flashcards

Hypothalamus & Pituitary Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the broad general definition of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary’s function

A

Principle organisers of most of the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What type of hormones are released by the hypothalamus

A

Neuroendocrine hormones

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3
Q

Where is the Pituitary gland located?

A

Sella turcica (sphenoid)

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4
Q

What links the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

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5
Q

What links the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

A

Capillary portal system (Neurohormones)

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6
Q

What is the Pars Intermedia and what does it release?

A

Border between the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary glands

Releases melanocyte stimulating hormone

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7
Q

What is a tropic hormone

A

A hormone which governs the release of a 2nd hormone

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8
Q

Hypothermic tropic vs non tropic

A

Non-Tropic - Posterior being released into the blood

Tropic - Governs the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

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9
Q

What are the Hypothalamus Non-Tropic hormones and their functions?

A

Vasopressin (ADH) - Maintains water balance

Oxytocin - Stimulates uterine contraction and aid in expression of milk

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10
Q

What are the 5 hypothalamic tropic ‘releasing hormones’

A 
Thyrotropin releasing 
Corticotropin
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin
Prolactin releasing
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11
Q

What are the 2 hypothalamic tropic ‘inhibiting hormones’

A

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)

Dopamine (prolactin inhibiting hormone)

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12
Q

Where do the neurotransmitters release the tropic hormones

A

Median eminence

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13
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

6

A 
Thyrotropin (TSH)
Corticotropin (ACTH)
Gonadotropins:
 - FSH
 - LH
 - GH
Prolactin
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14
Q

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones is non-tropic

A

Prolactin (stimulates milk production)

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15
Q

What is a Trophic hormone and what are they?

5

A

A hormone which has an effect on growth (Tropic=Trophic)

Thyrotropin (TSH)
Corticotropin (ACTH)
Gonadotropins:
 - FSH
 - LH
 - GH
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16
Q

Which 3 integration centres are involved in anterior pituitary feedback control?

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Target endocrine cells

17
Q

What acts as the negative feedback signal in anterior pituitary feedback control?

A

The Neuroendocrine and endocrine hormones

Each hormone feedback to inhibit the previous integrating centre

18
Q

What are the long and short feedback routes?

A

Short - Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus (hormone released from pituitary)
Long - Target cell to either hypothalamus or anterior pituitary

19
Q

How are endocrine disorders classed?

3

A

Primary - Target cel
Secondary - Anterior pituitary
Tertiary - Hypothalamus

Hyper - Permissive effects
Hypo - Alterations in receptor

09_Endocrine & Diabetes TC (9 decks)

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