Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

🄼💊MSY2 Pharm (Endocrine/Repro/Thyroid) > Hypothalamus / Pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus / Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Long loop negative feedback

A

1° Hormone inhibits Pituitary and/or Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

short loop negative feedback

A

2° Hormone inhibits Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ultra short loop negative feedback

A

3° Hormone inhibits Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which pituitary hormones function through [G protein coupled receptors] (4)

A

FAT Lacy was a G!

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which pitutiary hormones function through [JAK/STAT receptors] (2)

A

GH and Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physiological action of GH in children (5)

A

Linear Growth of

  • long bones
  • cartilage
  • muscle
  • organ systems

+ [Blood Glucose promoter]

primary determinant of adolescent growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physiological Action of GH in Adults (3)

A
  1. Catabolic for Fat
  2. Anabolic for Muscle & Bone
  3. Blood Glucose Promoter (INC Blood Glucose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are GH pulses generated

A

During sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanism of GH pulsation

A

Interplay of GHRH and Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GH tends to ____[DEC/INC] with age

A

DEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effects of GH are mostly mediated by _____, which is released from the ____ in response to ___

A

Effects of GH are mostly mediated by IGF1, which is released from the liver in response to GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In addition to Musculoskeletal changes, what other changes occur in Adults with GH deficiency (3)

A
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Cardiac Muscle Atrophy
  • [Fatigue / Depression / Malaise]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adult onset GH deficiency is typically due to what?

A

Pituitary problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs for GH deficiency (4)

A

Sermorelin

Somatropin

Somatrem

Mecasermin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name a Synthetic GHRH

A

Sermorelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatropin Drug Class

A

Recombinant Human GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name 2 [Recombinant Human GH]

A
  1. Somatropin
  2. Somatrem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mecasermin Drug Class

A

Recombinant IGF1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sermorelin Indication

A

Defective hypothalamic GHRH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Somatropin Indication (5)

A

SPAWN

  1. Pediatric growth failure (associated w/GH/chronic Renal Failure/Prader Willi/Turner)
  2. No idea: Idiopathic short stature (>2.25 SD below mean height)
  3. Adult GH deficiency
  4. Wasting in AIDS pts
  5. Short Bowel Syndrome in pts receiving nutritional support (it INC SA for digestion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Somatrem Indication (5)

A

SPAWN

  1. Pediatric growth failure (associated w/GH/chronic Renal Failure/Prader Willi/Turner)
  2. No idea: Idiopathic short stature (>2.25 SD below mean height)
  3. Adult GH deficiency
  4. Wasting in AIDS pts
  5. Short Bowel Syndrome in pts receiving nutritional support (it INC SA for digestion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Structure of Somatropin

A

Synthetic GH identical to native hGH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structure of Somatrem

A

Synthetic GH that contains an extra methionine at N-terminus –> INC stability and less hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Somatropin SE (5)

A
  1. Leukemia (rapid melanocytic lesions)
  2. hypOthyroidism
  3. Insulin Resistance
  4. Arthralgia
  5. INC Cytochrome P450
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Somatrem SE (5)

A
  1. Leukemia (rapid melanocytic lesions)
  2. hypOthyroidism
  3. Insulin Resistance
  4. Arthralgia
  5. INC Cytochrome P450
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Somatropin Contraindications (4)

A
  • Pedatrics with closed epiphyses
  • Active intracranial lesion
  • Malignancy
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Somatrem Contraindications (4)

A
  • Pedatrics with closed epiphyses
  • Active intracranial lesion
  • Malignancy
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mecasermin Indication

A

Pediatric IGF1 deficiency from [Laron GH receptor Dwarfism] vs. [Ab against GH]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tx for GH microadenoma (3)

A
  1. Octreotide/Lantreotide
  2. Pegvisomant
  3. Bromocriptine

MACROAdenomas are surgically removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Octreotide [Drug Class and MOA]

A

Somatostatin Analogue (45x more potent and long lasting) –> blocks GH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why isn’t somatostatin used clinically?

A

short half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Octreotide Indications (4)

A
  • Pitutiary microadenoma
  • Carcinoid Crisis (flushing/diarrhea/Cyanosis)
  • Secretory Diarrhea 2° to VIP tumors
  • Acute GI Bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Octreotide SE (4)

A

“8 sums Can Be Hairy & Gross”

  • GI sx (NV / GI discomfort)
  • Bradycardia & Conduction problems
  • hypOglycemia
  • Cholelithiasis
34
Q

Octreotide Contrainidcations

A

Hypersensitivity

35
Q

Pegvisomant [Drug Class and MOA]

A

[GH R Blocker] and does not appropriately bind to second GH receptor –> Blocks dimerization and signal transduction –> DEC IGF1

36
Q

PEGvisomant Structure

A

Recombinant with [multiple PEG (PolyEthylene Glycol)] residues –> prolongs half life

37
Q

Pegvisomant Indications (2)

A

Refractory Acromegaly

Pituitary microadenoma

38
Q

Pegvisomant SE (2)

A
  • INC Pitutiary Adenoma Size (pts being treated with Pegvisomant should have yearly MRI to exclude enlarging adenoma)
  • INC Aminotransferase levels
39
Q

Pegvisomant Contraindication

A

Hypersensitivity

40
Q

Successful tx of infertility due to neuroendocrine factors depends on _____

A

Competent Gonads

41
Q

Source of Menotrophins (FSH & LH)

A

Urine of Menopausal Women

42
Q

Source of Urofollitrophin

A

Urine of PostMenopausal Women

43
Q

Name the Gonadotropins (4) and what their MOA is

A

Replaces FSH and LH

  • Menotrophins (FSH and LH)
  • hCG
  • Urofollitropin (FSH from menopausal women urine)
  • Follitropin
44
Q

Gonadotropins Indication (3)

A
  1. Ovulation in [women with hypOgonadotropic hypOgonadism] vs. IVF
  2. PCOS/Obesity
  3. Infertility in [Men with hypogonadotropic hypOgonadism]
45
Q

Gonadotropin SE (4)

A
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (ovarian enlargement/Ascities/Hydrothorax/Shock)
  • Multiple Pregnancies
  • Gynecomastia
  • [Ovarian CA / cyst / Hypertrophy]
46
Q

Gonadotropin Contraindications (5)

A
  • Use in any endocrine DO other than anovulation
  • 1° gonadal failure
  • [Pituitary vs. Sex-hormone dependent] Tumors
  • [Ovarian CA/Cyst/Hypertrophy]
  • Pregnancy
47
Q

How does GnRH or [short half life GnRH analog] affect gonadal axis

A

Stimulates Gonadtroph cells to make/secrete LH & FSH

48
Q

Gonadorelin SE (4)

A

Anaphylaxis with multiple administration

Lightheadedness

Flushing

Generalized Hypersensitivity Dermatitis

49
Q

List [long half life/HIGH potency] GnRH analogs (5)

A

Go Learn Hx N’ Trip

Goserelin

Leuprolide

Histerelin

Nafarelin

Triptorelin

3 hour Half life

50
Q

[GnRH analog] MOA

A

Desensitizes GnRH receptors and inhibits FSH and LH release

(i.e. Leuprolide, Triptorelin)

51
Q

Biphasic Effect of [GnRH analogs]

A

1st: Flare = Transient (7-10 days) INC in gonadal hormone levels from agonist effect
2nd: Long-lasting suppresion of Gonadotropins and gonadal hormones from inhibition

52
Q

Triptorelin Indication

A

[Androgen dependent Prostate CA] adjunct

53
Q

Histerelin Indication

A

[Androgen dependent Prostate CA] adjunct

54
Q

Goserelin Indication (2)

A
  1. [Androgen dependent Prostate CA] adjunct
  2. Endometriosis & Uterine Fibroids
55
Q

Nafarelin Indication (3)

A
  1. Endometriosis & Uterine Fibroids
  2. Central Precocious Puberty
  3. Keeps LH surge low –> multiple mature oocytes for reproductive technology
56
Q

Leuprolide Indication (4)

A
  1. Endometriosis & Uterine Fibroids
  2. Central Precocious Puberty
  3. Keeps LH surge low –> multiple mature oocytes for reproductive technology
  4. [Androgen dependent Prostate CA] adjunct
57
Q

[GnRH synthetic analogs] general indication (4)

A

Advanced Breast CA

Advanced Ovarian CA

Amenorrhea

Infertility in Women with PCOS

58
Q

[GnRH synthetic analog] SE (4)

A
  • [Hot flashes/sweats/HA]
  • Osteoporosis
  • Urogenital atrophy
  • Exacerbation of Precocious Puberty during inital weeks
59
Q

[GnRH synthetic analog] Contraindications (3)

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pregnancy
  • Breast Feeding
60
Q

List the [GnRH R Blockers] (3)

A

“Don’t Block me from getting my Rolex”

  1. Ganirelix
  2. Cetrorelix
  3. Abarelix

These are Dose-Dependent

61
Q

How is administration between [GnRH synthetic analogs] and [GnRH R Blockers] different (2)

A
  1. [GnRH R Blockers] produce immediate Blocking effect = Duration of Admin is shorter during IVF
  2. [GnRH R Blockers] don’t produce Flare Effect
62
Q

Ganirelix Indication

A

Keeps LH surge low in IVF –> Improved implantation/pregnancy

63
Q

Cetrorelix Indication

A

Keeps LH surge low in IVF –> Improved implantation/pregnancy

64
Q

Abarelix Indication (2)

A
  1. Metastatic Prostate CA (PEE)
  2. Tumor encroaching Spinal Cord (NERVES)

Abby has no PEE NERVES!

65
Q

Cetrorelix SE (2)

A
  1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
  2. Anaphylaxis
66
Q

Abarelix SE (2)

A
  1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
  2. QT prolongation

A for Arrhythmia

67
Q

Ganirelix SE (4)

A
  1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
  2. Ectopic Pregnancy
  3. Thrombotic DO
  4. Spontaneous Abortion
68
Q

[Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, Abarelix] Contraindications (6)

A

” Don’t PLOT to kill the VP with a rolex”

  1. Pregnancy
  2. Lactation
  3. [Ovarian cyst/enlargement not from PCOS]
  4. Thyroid/Adrenal dysfunction
  5. Vaginal Bleeding that’s idiopathic
  6. Primary Ovarian Failure
69
Q

Drugs given during [Follicular Proliferative Phase] during IVF (2)

A
  • Gonadotropin injection is given 3 days after menses to develop Follicles.
  • [GnRH analogs or GnRH Blockers] are given to prevent premature LH
70
Q

Drug Given when transitioning into [Luteal Secretory Phase] during IVF.

How do you know mensturation is transitioning into [Luteal Secretory phase]

A

hCG injection is given when [oocyte follicles are mature] (assesed with serum estrogen & US) –> Ovulation

71
Q

Physiologic Actions of Prolactin (3)

A
  1. Mammogenesis
  2. Milk production and secretion
  3. Suppresses Ovulation by inhibiting GnRH release
72
Q

Most common cause of Hyperprolactinemia

A

Prolactinoma

73
Q

Hyperprolactinemia Tx and why (3)

A
  1. Bromocriptine
  2. Cabergoline
  3. Pergolide

These are [D2 Dopamine Agonist]

74
Q

Prolactin Deficiency Tx

75
Q

Bromocriptine Indication (5)

A
  1. Pituitary Prolactinoma
  2. PMS
  3. Acromegaly (Use High Doses and only if tumor secretes both Prolactin & GH)
  4. Parkinson’s Dz
  5. Type2DM
76
Q

Pergolide Indication

A

Parkinson’s Dz

77
Q

Cabergoline Indication (3)

A
  1. Pituitary Prolactinoma
  2. PMS
  3. Parkinson’s Dz
78
Q

Bromocriptine SE (3)

A
  1. Orthostatic hypOtension
  2. Vascular Dz (CVA vs. MI)
  3. Seizure
79
Q

Cabergoline SE (3)

A
  1. Orthostatic hypOtension
  2. Pulmonary Fibrosis
  3. Pleural Effusion
80
Q

Pergolide SE (2)

A
  1. Orthostatic hypOtension
  2. Heart Vascular Dz (Arrhythmia/MI/HF)
81
Q

[Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Pergolide] Contraindications (3)

A
  • Ergot Derivative Hypersensitivity
  • Uncontrolled HTN
  • Pregnancy Toxemia

🄼💊MSY2 Pharm (Endocrine/Repro/Thyroid) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions