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Sophomore - Pharm test 3 > Hypothalamus And Pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus And Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Growth-hormone releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Growth Hormone (somatotropin)

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2
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone causes release of?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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3
Q

Corticiotropin releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

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4
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone AND luteinizing hormone

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5
Q

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone is also called?

A

Somatostatin

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6
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone is called?

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

Growth hormone (somatotropin) effects:

A

Liver, muscle, bone, kidney - IGF-1

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8
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone effects:

A

Thyroid

T3, T4

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone effects:

A

Adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens

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10
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone effects?

A

Gonads

Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

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11
Q

Vasopressin (ADH) - effects?

A

Kidney

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12
Q

Oxytocin - effects?

A

Uterus, breast

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13
Q

Clinical use for Corticotropin Releasing Hormone?

A

Diagnostic - differentiate between Cushing’s Disease (pituitary problem) and ectopic production of ACTH

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14
Q

Synthetic analogues of GnRH - MOA?

A

Sustained non-pulsatile administration results in suppression of ovarian and testicular steriodogenesis due to decreased LH and FSH

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15
Q

GnRH analogues - clinical use?

A
  1. In pulses, treats infertility (rare)
  2. Inhibit precocious puberty
  3. Prostate CA tx
  4. Endometriosis
  5. Uterine fibroids
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16
Q

In men, LH stimulates _____ cells of the testes, causing release of _______.

A

Leydig’s

Testosterone

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17
Q

What circulating hormone promotes the growth of existing prostate CA:

A

Testosterone

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18
Q

Gonadorelin - MOA and notable features

A

Synthetic GnRH - for veterinarian use ONLY

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19
Q

Goserelin - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic GnRH, monthly implant

Prostate CA
Endometriosis

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20
Q

Leuprolide - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic GnRH, SubQ injections

Prostate CA
Endometriosis

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21
Q

Nafarelin - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic GnRH nasal spray

Central Precocious Puberty

22
Q

GnRH (synthetic) - clinical uses?

A
  1. Prostate CA
  2. Endometriosis
  3. Precocious puberty
23
Q

Ganirelix and Cetrorelix - MOA and use?

A

GnRH receptor antagonists, inhibits premature LH surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation procedures

24
Q

Degarelix - MOA and use?

A

GnRH receptor antagonist (acts on pituitary, prevents release of LH/FSH)

Inhibits stimulation of Leydig cells, preventing testosterone release, to treat advanced prostate CA

25
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Adenoma causing increased secretion of growth hormone

26
Q

Octreotide - MOA and use?

A

Somatostatin - blocks growth hormone secretion, inhibits insulin, glucagon, and gastrin secretion

Acromegaly, esophageal varices bleeding

27
Q

Lanreotide - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (Somatostatin) blocks growth hormone secretion, also inhibits insulin, glucagon, and gastrin secretion

Acromegaly only

28
Q

Pegvisomant - MOA and use?

A

Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist

Blocks growth hormone receptors on cell surfaces, decreased IGF-1

Acromegaly

29
Q

Prader-Willi Syndrome - treated with?

A

Growth hormone

30
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) - clinical use?

A

Differentiate between primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) and secondary adrenal insufficiency caused by inadequate ACTH secretion (pituitary disorder)

31
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone - clinical use in women?

A

Ovulation induction

32
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - clinical use in men?

A

Treat male infertility (induce spermatogenesis)

33
Q

Hyperprolactinemia caused by deficiency of?

A

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (Dopamine)

34
Q

Tx for hyperprolactinemia?

A

Dopamine (D2) Agonists

Bromocriptine
Cabergoline

35
Q

Bromocriptine - class and use?

A

Dopamine (D2) agonist

Tx of hyperprolactinemia

36
Q

Cabergoline - class and use?

A

Dopamine (D2) agonist

Tx of hyperprolactinemia

37
Q

What is the target organ of ADH?

A

The kidney

38
Q

Vasopressin - MOA?

A

Increased water resorption in the collecting ducts

Vasoconstriction effects, as well

39
Q

Vasopressin - clinical use?

A

Diabetes insipidus

Esophageal varices

Management of vasodilatory shock

40
Q

Desmopressin - MOA?

A

Synthetic analogue of vasopressin

WAY stronger than vasopressin

41
Q

Desmopressin - use? (*DIHANE)

A
  1. (DI) Diabetes insipidus
  2. (HA)Control of bleeding associated with hemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease
  3. (NE) Nocturnal enuresis
42
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) - describe

A
  1. Inability to suppress secretion of ADH

2. Hyponatremia/Hypo-osmolality (too much H2O retention)

43
Q

In SIADH, why does hyponatremia happen?

A

Too much H2O, NOT a sodium deficiency

44
Q

Treatment of SIADH - emergent?

A

Raise serum sodium to correct hyponatremia

Loop diuretics

ADH antagonists

Water restriction

45
Q

Treatment of SIADH - chronic?

A

Fluid restriction

Vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists

46
Q

Conivaptan - MOA and use?

A

V1 and V2 (Vasopressin) receptor antagonist

Tx of hypervolemic hyponatremia in SIADH

47
Q

Tolvaptan - MOA and use?

A

V1 and V2 (Vasopressin) receptor antagonist

HIGHER AFFINITY FOR V2

Approved for SIADH AND HF

48
Q

Conivaptan - black box?

A

Must be administered in hospital - risk of osmotic demyelination of correction of hyponatremia is too rapid

NOT for HF

49
Q

Oxytocin - clinical use?

A
  1. Stimulate lactation
  2. Induce labor
  3. Postpartum hemorrhage
50
Q

Metoclopramide - MOA and use?

A

Dopamine antagonist

Off-label to stimulate lactation in women

51
Q

Clinical use for Somatotropin?

A

Growth deficiencies

Sophomore - Pharm test 3 (7 decks)

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