Hypothalamus

Question 1

Hypothalmus is a slave to the____

Answer 1

limbic system

Question 2

3 main functions of the hypothalamus?
What autonomic preganglion does it project to?
which endocrine glands does it project to?

Question 3

DIfference btwn stria terminalis with medullaris?

Answer 3

terminalis connects amygdala and hypothalamus
medullaris conects septal cortex with habenula. which in turn connects with rainstem and ventral tegmental area reward system

Question 4

3rd ventricle forms medial walls of?

Answer 4

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 5

what is the median eminence?
3 functions?
which part of the pituitary is extensions from the hypothalamus, making it part of the CNS?
where do anterior and posterio pituitary drain to?

Question 6

what is an endoscopic 3rd venticulostomy used for?

Question 7

hormones of the anterior pituitary? 
posterior pituitary (3)

Question 8

what axon is the infundibular stalk made of?
a brain injury to the pituitary stalk has what clinical signs?

Question 9

Importantce of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
which hormones does it have releasing hormones for?
to the anterior or posterior pitutiary?
trace these axons.

Question 10

importance of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
where is it located?

Question 11

importance of the preoptic area?

Question 12

what are the 4 systems of the arcuate nucleus

Question 13

where is the tuberomammillary nucleus?
function?
what happens to lesion in this area?
why do antihistamines make you sleepy?

Question 14

what is the function of the lateral hypothalamus?

Question 15

review:
1. paraventricular hypothalamic
2. Suprachiasmatic hypothalamus
3. preoptic
4. arcuate hypothalamic
5. tuberomamillary
6. Lateral hypothalamic
7. mamillary bodies

Question 16

Energy expenditure is mainly regulated by what 2 things

Answer 16

thyroid hormone and sympathetic NS

Question 17

what are the 3 hot spots for energy expenditure?
WHat are the 3 hypothalamic areas and 1 extra for reulation of energy expenditure?

Question 18

solitary nucleus is affected by ___(3)

Question 19

Arcuate nucleus has what 2 antagonistc areas for caloric intake and energy expenditure?
what are they both stimulated by?
inhibited by?
where do these substances come from/where are they produced?
Why is the gut hormone the exception to the rule?

What 2 arcuate nucleus have antagonistic effects on 2nd order downstream neurons?
what does inhibition of paraventricular TRH neurons do?
stimulation?

Question 20

what receptor is most common cause of genetic obesity?
what is the effect of POMC?
via binding to what receptor?
where is POMC released from?

Question 21

describe the epigenetic vicious cycle of obesity