Hypothalamic structure and function

Question 1

Hypothalamus controls 5 basic processes, what are they?

Answer 1

Blood pressure and electrolyte composition 
temperature
energy metabolism 
reproduction 
emergency responses

Question 2

The control of the hypothalamic output pathways are via what?

Answer 2

autonomic function
endocrine function
motivation and behavior

Question 3

Give an example of the autonomic regulation of bp

Answer 3

Hypothalamus can influence ANS to change BP via HR and contractility

Question 4

Give an example of the endocrine regulation of BP

Answer 4

Endocrine output of the hypothalamus can modulate ADH release from posterior pituitary to change BP via kidney reabsorption

Question 5

Give an example of the motivation and behavior change of BP

Answer 5

Hypothalamus can influence motivation system to either sit and rest or engage in exercise

Question 6

Explain the chemical signaling of phermones?

Answer 6

released by a species and travel through the air to reach their target cell on another individual of that species (picture!)

Question 7

Autocrine and paracrine, give the chemical signaling

Answer 7

provide feedback to the releasing cell itself or its neighbors (picture)

Question 8

Endocrine, give the chemical signaling

Answer 8

release hormones into the blood to reach their target

Question 9

Neurons, give the chemical signaling

Answer 9

transmitter released on target to elicit action

Question 10

Neuroendocrine, give the chemical signaling

Answer 10

a hybrid which releases their neurohormones into the blood, these are found in the hypothalamus and are connected to the anterior/posterior pituitary

Question 11

Structure of the hypothalamus—> name the three zones

Answer 11

1) Periventricular Zone -adjacent to the 3rd ventricle
2) Medial Zone - contains most of the distinct nuclei of the hypothalamus
3) Lateral Zone - contains less defined nuclei but is rich in fiber tracts which connects the hypothalamus to other areas of the brain