Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Gonadal Axis II Flashcards
What is puberty the transition from and to?
→ Non reproductive to reproductive state
What are the 4 main things that happen during puberty?
→Breast development in females and increased testicular volume in males.
→Secondary characteristics develop
→Profound physiological changes
→Profound psychological changes
What is gonadarche characterized by?
→ An increase in GnRH ( measured through FSH and LH)
What does an increase in LH result in?
→ Secondary sex characteristics
Why does adrenarche occur?
→ Increase in adrenal androgen secretion due to cellular remodelling of adrenal cortex.
What are the adrenal androgens?
→Dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA)
→Dehydro-epiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS)
Where are the adrenal androgens secreted from?
→ The zona reticularis (cortex)
What is pubarche the result of?
→ Adrenarche
What appears during pubarche and why?
→Appearance of pubic/axillary hair resulting from adrenal androgen secretion
What is pubarche associated with?
→ an increase in sebum production which leads to acne
What is acne caused by?
→ Infection and abnormal keratinization
When is puberty considered precocious?
→ 8 years old in girls
→ 9 years in boys
When does gonadarche happen?
→ several years after adrenarche
What happens during gonadarche?
→ Reactivation of hypothalamic GnRH
What is the HPG axis required for?
→ male differentiation during fetal development
When are the GnRH neurons not restrained anymore?
→ until gonadarche
What does the activation of gonadal steroid production cause?
→ The production of viable gametes and the ability to reproduce
What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?
→ Kisspeptin
→ Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
What hormones does the pituitary release?
→ Gonadotrophin hormones
What is GnRH secreted and synthesized by?
→ Specialist hypothalamic centres (arcuate nucleus)