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CC READINGS > Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function > Flashcards

Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function Flashcards

1
Q

Open-loop negative feedback refers to the phenomenon of
a. Negative feedback with a modifiable set point
b. Blood flow in the hypothalamic–hypophyseal portal system
c. Blood flow to the pituitary via dural-penetrating vessels
d. Negative feedback involving an unvarying, fixed set point

A

a. Negative feedback with a modifiable set point

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2
Q

The specific feedback effector for FSH is
a. Inhibin
b. Activin
c. Progesterone
d. Estradiol

A

a. Inhibin

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3
Q

Which anterior pituitary hormone lacks a stimulatory hypophysiotropic hormone?
a. Prolactin
b. Growth hormone
c. Vasopressin
d. ACTH

A

a. Prolactin

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4
Q

The definitive suppression test to prove autonomous production of growth hormone is
a. Oral glucose loading
b. Somatostatin infusion
c. Estrogen priming
d. Dexamethasone suppression

A

a. Oral glucose loading

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5
Q

Which of the following is influenced by growth hormone?
a. All of these
b. IGF-I
c. IGFBP-III
d. Lipolysis

A

a. All of these

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6
Q

What statement concerning vasopressin secretion is NOT true?
a. All of these.
b. Vasopressin secretion is closely tied to plasma osmolality.
c. Changes in blood volume also alter vasopressin secretion.
d. A reduction in effective blood volume overrides the effects of plasma osmolality in regulating vasopressin secretion.

A

a. All of these.

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7
Q

What are the long-term sequelae of untreated or partially treated acromegaly?
a. An increased risk of colon and lung cancer
b. A reduced risk of heart disease
c. Enhanced longevity
d. Increased muscle strength

A

a. An increased risk of colon and lung cancer

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8
Q

TRH stimulates the secretion of
a. Prolactin and TSH
b. Prolactin
c. Growth hormone
d. TSH

A

a. Prolactin and TSH

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9
Q

Estrogen influences the secretion of which of the following hormones?
a. All of these
b. Growth hormone
c. Prolactin
d. Luteinizing hormone

A

a. All of these

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10
Q

What is the difference between a tropic hormone and a direct effector hormone?
a. Tropic and direct effector hormones are both similar in that both act directly on peripheral tissue.
b. Tropic and direct effector hormones are both similar in that both act directly on another endocrine gland.
c. Tropic hormones act on peripheral tissue, while direct effector hormones act on endocrine glands.
d. Tropic hormones act on endocrine glands, while direct effector hormones act on peripheral tissues.

A

d. Tropic hormones act on endocrine glands, while direct effector hormones act on peripheral tissues.

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11
Q

A deficiency in vasopressin can lead to which of the following?
a. Euvolemic hypokalemia
b. Euvolemic hyponatremia
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Primary hypothyroidism

A

c. Diabetes insipidus

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12
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulate prolactin secretion?
a. Dopamine
b. GnRH
c. TRH
d. TSH

A

c. TRH

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13
Q

Which hormone most directly stimulates testosterone secretion?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. TRH

A

a. LH

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT likely to be present in an “atypical pituitary tumor” as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
a. Invasion into surrounding structures such as the cavernous sinus
b. MIB-1 proliferative index greater than 3%
c. Excessive p53 immunoreactivity
d. Decreased mitotic activity

A

d. Decreased mitotic activity

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15
Q

Concerning secretion of growth hormone, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Secretion is stimulated by GHRH.
b. Secretion is pulsatile, occurring usually 2 to 3 times daily.
c. The most reproducible surge is at the onset of sleep.
d. It is secreted from somatotrophs that constitute over one-third of normal pituitary weight

A

b. Secretion is pulsatile, occurring usually 2 to 3 times daily.

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16
Q

Familial acromegaly is most likely caused by a mutation in which gene?
a. GNAS
b. AIP
c. SS receptor type 5
d. GHRH gene

A

b. AIP

17
Q

Cosecretion of which hormone is most commonly seen with acromegaly?
a. Prolactin
b. TSH
c. ACTH
d. FSH

A

a. Prolactin

18
Q

Which hormone is not secreted from the anterior pituitary?
a. Prolactin
b. Oxytocin
c. FSH
d. TSH

A

b. Oxytocin

19
Q

Which of the following is most suggestive of a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus?
a. Low sodium in a patient who reports polydipsia and polyuria
b. Persistent complaint of polydipsia and polyuria in a patient without diabetes mellitus
c. Elevated serum osmolarity in the setting of decreased urine osmolarity, in the presence of hypernatremia
d. Hyponatremia after a therapeutic trial of dDAVP

A

b. Persistent complaint of polydipsia and polyuria in a patient without diabetes mellitus

20
Q

Vasopressin release is regulated by which of the following?
a. Hypothalamic osmoreceptors
b. Vascular baroreceptors
c. V2 receptors in the kidney
d. a and b

A

d. a and b

21
Q

Replacement of thyroxine is potentially dangerous in the setting of which
other hormonal abnormality?
a. GH deficiency
b. Hyperprolactinemia
c. Perimenopausal state
d. ACTH deficiency

A

d. ACTH deficiency

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT generally considered to be a function of oxytocin?
a. Uterine contraction during labor
b. Milk “letdown” for breast-feeding
c. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in smooth muscle
d. Enhancement of mother–infant bonding

A

c. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in smooth muscle

23
Q

Which clinical presentation is consistent with Kallmann’s syndrome?
a. Hypothyroidism and intermittent severe weakness or paralysis
b. ACTH deficiency together with GH excess
c. Hyperprolactinemia in the setting of pregnancy
d. Hypogonadism with the absence of smell

A

d. Hypogonadism with the absence of smell

24
Q

Which drug may cause panhypopituitarism?
a. Ipilimumab
b. Risperdal
c. Pitocin
d. Cabergoline

A

a. Ipilimumab

25
Q

Which of the following is unlikely to be a cause of hyperprolactinemia?
a. Metoclopramide
b. Primary hypothyroidism
c. Primary hypogonadism
d. Pituitary stalk interruption

A

c. Primary hypogonadism

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