Hypoparathyroidism

Question 1

causes of hypoparathyroid

Answer 1

surgical, congenital, idiopathic

Question 2

symptoms of hypoparathyroid

Answer 2

same as symptoms of hypocalcaemia:

SPASMODIC
Seizures
paraesthesia
anxious/irritable
muscle tone ^ in smooth muscle
orientation impaired (confused)
dermatitis
impetigo herpetiformis (pustular psoriasis)
Chvostek’s sign, Choreoathetosis (chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing)), Cataract, Cardiomyopathy

Question 3

chvostek’s and trousseau’s sign

Answer 3

chvostek’s: gentle tapping over facial nerve causes twitching of ipsilateral face muscles
-trousseau’s sign: inflattion of sphygmomanometer 3 min induces spasms of fingers and wrist

Question 4

ca, pth and phosphate in hypoparathyroid

Answer 4

low ca
low pth
high phosphate

Question 5

rx of hypoparathyroid and of hypocalc generally

Answer 5

oral calcium. IV if acute

Question 6

main cause of hypocalcaemia

Answer 6

CKD (In the blood, phosphate binds with calcium to produce calcium phosphate. This reduces serum Ca2+. ↑PTH as parathyroid glands cannot detect the calcium phosphate and think serum calcium is low). this leads to secondary hypERparathyroidsm

Question 7

other causes of hypocalcaemia

Answer 7

vit d deficiency
bisphosphonates
acute pancreatitis (quite common)