Hypokinetic Dysarthria Flashcards
What is Hypokinetic Dysarthria caused by?
Damage in the basal ganglia that reduces production of dopamine from the basal ganglia control circuit.
What does Hypokinetic Dysarthria impact?
Voice
Articulation
Prosody
Rate
Rhythm
Intonation
Stress
(VAPRRIS)
Results in what?
Reduced range of motion and control of volitional motions
What is the Basal Banglia Control Circuit?
Motor relay nuclei responsible for smooth, precise muscle activity
What is it composed of?
Striatum
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
Lenticular nuclei
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus (Internus and Externus)
Subthalamic Nucleus
Substantia Nigra
What are the 4 Basal Ganglia motor functions?
- Regulate the duration of a selected action
- Decide whether another action is of enough importance and value to interrupt the existing action
- Choose when to terminate the current action
- Some movement scaling through timing changes (mostly cerebellar circuit)
What are the two pathways of the Basal Ganglia?
Direct & Indirect
Stop and go commands are controlled by..
Neurotransmitters
Glutamate is
Excitatory
GABA is
Inhibitory
Dopamine modulates which path is
Active
Excites direct pathway and inhibits indirect pathway
Direct Pathway or “ “
GO
Activation of the direct pathway (high dopamine)….
Blocks inhibition
This releases the thalamus and motor cortex to proceed with the motor plan
When this pathway is overactive, what type of movement occurs?
Unintentional
Indirect Pathway or “ “
STOP