Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor speech test # 2 > hypokinetic > Flashcards

hypokinetic Flashcards

1
Q

what subsystems does hypokinetic dys affect?

A

all subsystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is hypokinetic dysarthria related to?

A

basal ganglia control (extrapyramidal problems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the parts of the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the parts of the extrapyramidal system that if they are messed up they can cause hypokinetic dys?

A

basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus), subthalmic nuclei and the substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common dz seen in hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

Parkinson’s dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In hypokinetic dysarthria speech reflects characteristics due to?

A

rigidity
reduced ROM
reduced force and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what may you see in speech with hypokinetic dys?

A

quick movements in speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do they call it hypo?

A

reduced ROM and mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

facilitate movement
regulate muscle tone
regulate movements that support goal-directed movments (swinging arms while walking)
control postural adjustments in skilled movements (stabilizes shoulder in writing)
adjust movements to the environment
assist in the learning of new movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This control circuit acts to influence the cortex in what way?

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does this control circuit influence the cortex in and inhibitory way?

A

it inhibits unnecessary movement and it does this by controlling cortical output or messages that might be excessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the initiation of motor movement start?

A

in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What modulated and regulates motor movements?

A

the basal ganglia and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are motor movements modulated and regulated?

A

in the basal ganglia and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

damage to the basal ganglia and control circuit can result in two types of problems?

A

Reduced movement

problems in inhibiting involuntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

basal ganglia control circuit problems are commonly caused by what?

A

neurotransmitters being out of balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

t or f. normal function of the basal ganglia depends on the integrity of connections and proper balance of crucial neurotransmitters.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where is Dopamine produced.

A

substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dopamine is produced in the substantia nigra and then is sent where?

A

striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the striatum?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is dopamine inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens if substantia nigra neurons are destroyed?

A

the dopamine supply is reduced or lost.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Defficiancy in dopamine causes?

A

hypokinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

defficiancy in ACH causes?

A

hyperkinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria occurs in at least what % of Parkinson’s ptnts?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T or F. The most consistent finding in ptnts with Parkinsons is the degeneration of the melanin-containing cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra

A

True

27
Q

what is melanin?

A

dark pigment found in certain cells it is referred to as depigmentation of the substantia nigra when this degeneration occurs.

28
Q

where do you find melanin?

A

in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra

29
Q

what are the non-speech signs of Parkinson’s?

A 
Tremor at rest
pill rolling
rigidity
bradykinesia
hypokinesia
30
Q

what may hypokinesia result in?

A
  • masked expression of the face and unblinking eyes
  • reduced arm swing in walking
  • micrographic (small) writing
  • festination (when pt starts walking slowly then speeds up with quick, shuffling steps)

-posture problems

31
Q

what is pill rolling?

A

a tremor most often btwn the thumb and index finger

32
Q

rigidity is?

A

associated with feelings of stiffness, characterized by slow movements

33
Q

What is a type of rigidity that Parkinson’s ptnts might have?

A

cogwheel rigidity

34
Q

what is cogwheel rigidity?

A

when you see jerky movements typically in elbow

35
Q

what is bradykinesia?

A

delays and false starts initiating movements and also in stopping movements once started people feel stuck or frozen in position.

36
Q

what is akinesia?

A

absence of movement

37
Q

why in Parkinson’s dz is there posture problems?

A

it is due to impaired postural reflexes
pts tend to be stooped with felxed head and trunk
problems turning in bed, and going from sitting to standing
may feel like falling

38
Q

Etiologies of Hypokinetic?

A

anything that damages the basal ganglia (degenerative, vascular etcc.)
Parkinson’s most common

39
Q

With Parkinson’s dz the ptnt can also have hyperkinetic dysarthri/a?

A

yes bc of the meds from the PD

40
Q

What are the degenerative dz that can cause hypokinetic dys?

A

Parkinson’s dz
Alzheimer’s dz
picks dz

41
Q

What is PD?

A

slowly progressing
idiopathic
usually occurs mid-late in lie
some may have dementia and depression

42
Q

What meds do pd ptnts respond well to?

A

1-dopa increases the dopamine in the straitum

43
Q

some cases of PD were noted after what?

A

viral encephalitis this is called postencephalitic parkinsonism

44
Q

parkinsonism

A

usually refers to general clinical signs similar to what you see in PD

45
Q

Alzheimers and picks are similar to dementia

A

yes

46
Q

Multiple strokes affecting the basal ganaglia may result in a condition called?

A

vascular parkinsonism

47
Q

what is cerebral hypoxia?

A

it is a disorder that is related to the lack of oxygen to cerebrum due to various causes including carbon monoxide poisoning.

48
Q

what are the etiologies of hypokinetic dys?

A 
degenerative
toxic-metabolic
Trauma
Infectious
Vascular
49
Q

What is the toxic metabolic condition that may cause hypokinetic dys?

A

antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptic) may block dopamine receptors and lead to hypokinetic dysarthria symp.

50
Q

boxers with repeated head trauma can cause damage to what?

A

substantia nigra

51
Q

if the substantia nigra is damaged what type of symptoms will you get?

A

pd like symptoms

52
Q

what is it called when the boxers get repeated head trauma?

A

punch drunk encephalopathy (can have ataxic issues too)

53
Q

what medical treatment for PD can actually worsen hypokinetic dys?

A

stereotactic ventrolateral thalamotomy (done to stop severe tremors)

54
Q

what happens during a stereotactic ventrolateral thalamotomy?

A

a surgical lesion is intentionally made in the thalamus to interrupt the control circuit from which the tremor comes. Tremors are stopped but side affects may occur including dys or worsening of existing dys, aphasia and cognitive defects

55
Q

What can result from things like measles, mumps, mononucleosis and rabies?

A

viral encephalitis

56
Q

What does the ptnt complain about with hypokinetic dys?

A

weak or quiet-voice (diff being heard in noisy places)
too fast rate of speech
words are imprecise and flat in emotional tone
hard to get speech started
some stuttering or repetitions
fatigue brings negative effects on spch
meds may help speech if it helps other PD symptoms
swallowing/drooling problems
stiff upper lip due to rigidity

57
Q

What are some non-speech clinical findings of hypokinetic dys?

A
  • look for mask like-face unsmiling, unblinking
  • reduced movements of chest and abdomen during breathing
  • ptnt may not swallow eough and thus cause drooling
  • head turn may not accompany eye movement to look for something on the periphery
  • tremor of jaw and lips at rest or in opening and retracting lips. Tongue may have tremors or protrude out of mout
  • may have normal size, strength, symmetry of jaw face and tongue
  • flat affect: restricted, unemotional facial affect which may not reflect ptnts emotional state
58
Q

What are the speech clinical findings

A 
assess through conversation, AMR's, reading and vowel prolongation
-AMR's may be slow to start and throughout or they can be slow to start and become very rapid even to the point of blurring
-monopitch and monoloudness
reduced loudness
reduced stress
short rushes of speech
overall increased rate of speech
harsh/breathy voice
imprecise consonants
diff. initiating speech
rapid or blurred AMR's 
inappropriate silences
occasional tremor on vowel prolongation
palilalia (pathological reiterative utternaces)
59
Q

What is palilalia?

A

pathological reiterative utterances
hypokinetic is the only dysarthria that has this but some other neurological disorders can
repetition of words or utterances getting quicker as they go. (compulsive not controllable repetition)

60
Q

what are the best speech distinguishing features of hypokinetic?

A 
fast rate short rushes of speech
reduced stress
monopitch/ monoloudness
inappropriate silences
breathiness
61
Q

T or F the most prominent speech features of hypokinetic dys are related to prosody.

A

True

62
Q

Flaccid has the most breathiness out of all the dysarthrias

A

true

63
Q

flaccid is rougher sounding and is usually

A

LOUDER than hypokinetic

64
Q

people with hypokinetic dys can produce AMR’s for a long time

A

people with flaccid cannot

Motor speech test # 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions