Hypoglycaemia Flashcards
1
Q
Whipple’s Triad
A
Hypoglycaemia < 3 mM
Symptoms of hypoglycaema
Relief of Sx by glucose administration
2
Q
Symptom categories of hypoglycaemia
A
Autonomic 2.5-3 mM
Neuroglycopenic < 2.5 mM
3
Q
Autonomic symptoms of hypoglycaemia
A
Sweating Anxiety Hunger Tremor Palpitations
4
Q
Neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycaemia
A
Confusion Drowsiness Seizures Focal neurology (eg. CN3) Coma (< 2.2)
5
Q
Causes of fasting hypoglycaemia
A
I EXPLAIN
Islet cell tumours (insulinomas) EXogenous drugs Pituitary insufficiency Liver failure Addison's Immune (insulin receptor Abs) Non pancreatic neoplasms
6
Q
Ix for fasting hypoglycaemia
A
Asymptomatic: 72 hr fast with monitoring
Symptomatic: glucose, insulin, C-peptide, ketones
7
Q
Diagnoses of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
A
Drugs:
- ↑ C-pep: sulfonylurea
- Normal C-pep: insulin
Insulinoma
8
Q
Diagnoses of hypoglycaemia with ↓ insulin, no ketones
A
Non pancreatic neoplasms
Immune
9
Q
Diagnoses of hypoglycaemia with ↓ insulin, ↑ ketones
A
EtOH binge w/o food
Pituitary insufficiency
Addison’s
10
Q
Modes of glucose administration
A
Food / lucozade
Buccal Carbohydrates (Glucogel)
IV dextrose
