HYPHAE

Question 1

What is the fundamental unit of fungi?

Answer 1

• Hyphae

Question 2

What is the primary function of hyphae in fungi?

Answer 2

• Absorption of nutrients from the environment

Question 3

What is formed when many hyphae come together?

Answer 3

• Mycelium

Question 4

How would you describe mycelium?

Answer 4

• Mycelium is a mass composed of countless hyphae.

Question 5

What is the primary function of vegetative mycelium in hyphae?

Answer 5

• Vegetative mycelium penetrates the medium and absorbs nutrients.

Question 6

What is the role of aerial mycelium in hyphae colonies?

Answer 6

• Aerial mycelium is the reproductive part that extends above the surface
• And contains fruiting bodies producing spores.

Question 7

What is the significance of spores in hyphae structures?

Answer 7

• Spores are structures used for reproduction.

Question 8

What is the defining characteristic of aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae?

Answer 8

• Aseptate hyphae have no cross walls.

Question 9

Which group of fungi has aseptate hyphae , no cross walls?

Answer 9

• Zygomycota

Question 10

What is the term for spiral-coiled hyphae

Answer 10

• Spiral-coiled hyphae are present in Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Question 11

Which fungal species exhibits nodular bodies in its hyphae?

Answer 11

• Microsporum canis exhibits nodular bodies in its hyphae.

Question 12

Hyphae with club-shaped areas are known as what?

Answer 12

• Hyphae with club-shaped areas
• Are referred to as “racquet” hyphae, as seen in Epidermophyton floccosum.

Question 13

What is the characteristic appearance of pectinate body hyphae?

Answer 13

• Have a broken comb-like appearance, as observed in Microsporum audouinii.

Question 14

What term describes hyphae that are curved and freely branching, resembling chandeliers or antlers?

Answer 14

• Hyphae with a curved, freely branching appearance.
• Found in Trichophyton schoenleini and Trichophyton violaceum.

Question 15

What is the term for fungi that produce both sexual and asexual spores?

Answer 15

• “teleomorphs” or “synanamorphs/polymorph imperfect fungi (perfect fungi).”

Question 16

What is the name for fungi that produce only one type of spores and are associated with asexual reproduction?

Answer 16

• Asexual reproduction are called “anamorphs” or “imperfect fungi.”

Question 17

What is the primary method of reproduction that produces sexual spores?

Answer 17

• Sexual spores are primarily produced during sexual reproduction.

Question 18

How are sexual spores formed?

Answer 18

• Sexual spores are formed through meiosis.

Question 19

What is the underlying process that leads to the production of sexual spores?

Answer 19

• Sexual spores are produced as a result of nuclear fusion.

Question 20

What is the defining characteristic of ascospores?

Answer 20

• Formed within a sac-like structure called an ASCUS.
• They are typically produced in a fixed number of 8.

Question 21

Where are basidiospores formed?

Answer 21

• Basidiospores are formed within a club-shaped structure called a BASIDIUM.

Question 22

How are zygospores formed?

Answer 22

• Formed from the union of two undifferentiated or identical hyphal cells.

Question 23

What distinguishes oospores from other sexual spores?

Answer 23

• Formed from the union of two differentiated or non-identical hyphal cells.

Question 24

What are asexual spores, and how are they produced?

Answer 24

• Produced during asexual reproduction and result from mitosis without nuclear fusion.

Question 25

What is the term for asexual spores produced by specialized vegetative hyphal strands?

Answer 25

• They are called Conida.

Question 26

How are Microconidia different from Macroconidia?

Answer 26

• Microconidia are unicellular and piriform or ellipsoid-shaped.

• Macroconidia are multicellular with spindle shapes.

Question 27

Can you name some examples of fungi that produce Arthoconidia?

Answer 27

• Fungi like Trichosporon
• Geotrichum
• Coccidioides produce Arthoconidia.

Question 28

How are Blastoconidia produced?

Answer 28

• Produced through a budding process, as seen in Candida.

Question 29

What is unique about Chlamydoconidia formation?

Answer 29

• Formed through the enlargement of hyphal cells.

Question 30

What are the three types of Chlamydoconidia based on their location?

Answer 30

• They can be Intercalary (within the hyphae)
• Sessile (at the side/lateral)
• Terminal (at the ends)

Question 31

Can Asexual Spores also be referred to by other names?

Answer 31

• Yes, they can also be called Arthrosphere, Blastosphere, or Chlamydospore.

Question 32

What process results in the formation of Microconidia and Macroconidia?

Answer 32

• They are produced through asexual reproduction by mitosis.

Question 33

How are Blastoconidia different from Chlamydoconidia?

Answer 33

• Blastoconidia are formed through budding
• While Chlamydoconidia result from the enlargement of hyphal cells.

Question 34

Name a fungal example that produces Microconidia.

Answer 34

• Microconidia are produced by fungi like Conidia.

Question 35

What distinguishes Terminal Chlamydoconidia from the other types?

Answer 35

• Characterized by enlargement at the ends of hyphal cells.

Question 36

What are sporangiospores, and where are they formed?

Answer 36

• Sporangiospores are spores formed within a sporangium
• Primarily found in Zygomycetes.

Question 37

What is another name for Zygomycota?

Answer 37

• Zygomycota is also known as “conjugation fungi.”

Question 38

Which fungal phylum is referred to as “sac fungi”?

Answer 38

• Ascomycota is often called “sac fungi.”

Question 39

What is the common name for Basidiomycota?

Answer 39

• Basidiomycota is commonly referred to as “club fungi.”

Question 40

What is another term for Deuteromycota?

Answer 40

• Deuteromycota is alternatively known as “fungi imperfecti.”

Question 41

Can you name some genus of fungi

Answer 41

• Mucor
• Rhizopus
• Absidia
• Aspergillus
• Saccharomyces
• Histoplasma capsulatum
• Cryptococcus neoformans
• Fusarium (Dermatophytes)