Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
what is HCM?
this includes a group of inherited conditions that produce hypertrophy of the myocardium in the absence of an alternate cause (e.g aortic stenosis or hypertension)
HCM is the most common cause of _____ in young people and affects 1 in ____ of the population
SCD
500
The majority of cases of HCM are familial autosomal ______, due to mutations in the genes encoding ________ ______
The majority of cases are familial autosomal dominant, due to mutations in the genes encoding sarcomeric proteins
HCM is characterised by variable myocardial hypertrophy frequently involving the ________ ______ and disorganisation of cardiac ______ and ______
HCM is characterised by variable myocardial hypertrophy frequently involving the interventricular septum and disorganisation of cardiac myocytes and myofibrils
what does the assymetrical septal hypertrophy often cause?
left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
what are some common clinical profiles of HCM patients? 5
- sudden death
- HF
- angina
- AF
- asymptomatic
what are some symtoms of HCM?
angina
- dyspnoea
- syncope
what are some signs of HCM?
- palpitation
- CCF
- jerky pulse
- a wave in JVP
- double-apex beat
- systolic thrill at left sternal - edge
- harsh ejection systolic murmur
what investigations should be done for HCM?
ECG
- ECHO
- Cardiac catheterisation
- exercise test and holter monitor
what should you look for on ECG?
LVH
- progressive T wave inversion
- deep Q waves (inferior and lateral leads)
- arrhythmias
what are some associated arrhythmias for HCM?
- AF
- WPW
- ventricular ectopics
- VT
what are you looking for on echo?
- Assymetrical septal hypertrophy
- Small LV cavity with hypercontractile posterior wall
- Midsystolic closure of aortic valve
- Systolic anterior movement of mitral valve
why is cardiac catheterisation done?
to assess the severity of the gradient; coronary artery disease or mitral regurgitation
what is a disadvantage pf CC?
may provoke VT
LOOK AT SCHEMATIC IN NOTES NOW
PLEASE
