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Exam - M - endocrine pathology (Megan) > Hyperthyroidism (+Grave's) > Flashcards

Hyperthyroidism (+Grave's) Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

The over production of thyroid hormone

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2
Q

What is thyrotoxicosis?

A

Another work for hyperthyroidism.

When theres too much thyroid hormone in the body.

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3
Q

What is primary hyperthyroidism?

A

When the thyroid gland itself produces too much thyroid hormone.

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4
Q

What is secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

When the anterior pituitary gland produces too much thyroid stimulating hormone, which causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone.

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5
Q

What is tertiary hyperthyroidism?

A

When the hypothalamus produces too much thyroid releasing hormone, causing the anterior pituitary to release too much thyroid stimulating hormone, causing the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone.

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6
Q

What are the causes of primary hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease
Toxic thyroid adenoma
Multinodular goitre
De quervains thyroiditis

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7
Q

What are the secondary causes of hyperthyroidism?

A

Lithium
TSH producing pituitary adenoma
Amiodrarone

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8
Q

What are general signs of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Anxiety
Weight loss despite increased appetite 
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Irritability 
Finger clubbing
Sweating 
Frequent loose stools
Sexual dysfunction
Fine tremor
Goitre
Thyroid bruit
Muscle wasting
Atrial fibrillation
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9
Q

What are the signs specific to graves disease?

A

Exophthalmos
Pretibial myxoedema
Diffuse goutte without nodules

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10
Q

What is the 1st and second must common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

1st - graves disease

2nd - toxic multi nodular disease

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11
Q

What is graves disease?

A

Autoimmune disorder.

Body produces TSH antibodies which bind to TSH receptors.

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12
Q

What is toxic multi nodular goitre?

A

Nodules on the thyroid which act independently from the normal feedback system, they continuously produce thyroid hormone.

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13
Q

What medication is used for symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta blocker

Propanalol - because its non selective

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14
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

Carbomazole

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15
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

Propylthiouracil

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16
Q

What is titration block vs block and replace?

A

Titration block - patient has enough medication to bring thyroid levels down to normal

Block and replace -patient has so much medication that all thyroid hormone production is stopped and they are given levothyroxine as a replacement

17
Q

What is a contraindication of Radioactive iodine?

A

Exophthalmos - can make it worse

18
Q

What is the signs of thyroid storm?

A

Pyrexia
Tachycardia
Delirium

19
Q

Which thyroid hormone is the effective one?

A

T3

20
Q

What causes thyrotoxicosis?

A

When someone stops treatment or has surgery

21
Q

What is the management for thyroid storm?

A

IV propanolol
IV digoxin
prednisolone
Propylthiouracil

22
Q

How is radioactive iodine taken?

A

As a drink
Avoid everyone for a few days
Avoid pregnant women and children for 3 weeks

23
Q

How long can you not get pregnant for after having RAI?

A

6 months

24
Q

How is a solitary toxic thyroid nodule treated?

A

Surgical removal of the nodule

25
Q

What are the signs of de quervains thyroiditis?

A 
Viral infection"
fever
neck pain
dysphagia
hyperthyroidism
26
Q

How is de quervains syndrome treated?

A

It is a self limiting condition:
Beta blockers - for symptomatic relief
NSAIDs

27
Q

If someone has surgery, what medication should they be given?

A

Levothyroxine

28
Q

What are some complications of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Thyroid storm
Congestive heart failure 
Atrial fibrillation
Osteoporosis 
Visual loss (in graves)
29
Q

What are the levels of TRH, TSH and T3/4 in primary hyperthyroidism?

A

TRH - normal
TSH - low
T3/4 - high

30
Q

What are the levels of TRH, TSH and T3/4 in secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

TRH - low
TSH - high
T3/4 - high

31
Q

What are the levels of TRH, TSH and T3/4 in tertiary hyperthyroidism?

A

TRH - high
TSH - high
T3/4 - high

Exam - M - endocrine pathology (Megan) (14 decks)

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