Hyperthyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

what is hyperthyroidism?

A

an overactive thyroid, where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormone

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2
Q

what is thyrotoxicosis?

A

a state of excess thyroid hormone exposure to tissues

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3
Q

what is a thyroid storm?

A

this is the severe end of the thyrotoxicosis spectrum where there is end organ damage

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4
Q

who is most likely to get hyperthyroidism?

A

more common in females
with Graves, it’s mostly in a younger population (30-50yrs) and ppl with a family history of autoimmune disease (celiac and T1DM)

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5
Q

what are 5 common etiologies for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Graves ➔ autoimmune
  2. toxic multinodular goiter ➔ iodine deficiency
  3. toxic adenoma
  4. factitious thyroiditis
  5. Drugs: amiodarone, lithium, anti-psychotics
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6
Q

how does Graves disease happen? (pathophys)

A

TSH receptor antibody ➔ stimulates the TSH receptor ➔ increases thyroid production of thyroid hormones + increases growth of the thyroid gland

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7
Q

What are some key characteristics of hyperthyroidism?

A

increased metabolism

  • pretibial myxedema
  • acropachy (soft tissue swelling of the hands and clubbing of the fingers)
  • exophthalmos: eye protrusion
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8
Q

what is a potentially life-threatening cx of hyperthyroidism? and s/s

A

thyroid storm

tachycardia, increased GI motility, diaphoresis, anxiety, fever, and MOF

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9
Q

what ix would you order for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. TSH and free T4/T3
    - if everything elevated, then TSH producing pituitary adenoma
    - if TSH is low, and T4/T3 is elevated, then hyperthyroidism and can ix further
  2. autoimmune test for graves ➔ TRAb or do the radioiodine thyroid uptake and scan to determine etiology
    - TRAb is out of pocket
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10
Q

what would you give to a severely symptomatic hyperthyroidism pt?

A

beta blockers

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10
Q

what treatment options are available for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. medicinal - thionamid therapy (methimazole (MMI), and propylthiouracil (PTU))
  2. radioactive iodine therapy ➔ preferred for ppl high risk for surgery/have high-risk comorbidities
  3. thyroidectomy
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