Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RB Y2 Endocrine - 2 Thyroid > Hyperthryoidism > Flashcards

Hyperthryoidism Flashcards

1
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

clinical, pysiological and biochemical state arising when the tissues are exposed to excess thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

refers specifically to conditions in which over activity of the thyroid glands leads to thyrotoxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

heart

A

force and rate increased as TH increase the responsiveness of receptors to catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline)

patients may also suffer from tachycardia and atrial fibrillation

rarely, cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is used to treat heart symptoms

A

B blockers eg propanolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

heat

A

thermogenesis is 30% due to thyroid hormones - increase in secretion results in heat intolerance

complications may arise from this, patients may also have moist, itchy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

movement

A

tremor, especially in the hands. due to effects of thyroid hormones on CNS

hyperkinesis - excessive bodily movement

muscle weakness, especially thighs and upper arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

increases (growth hormone) meaning patients will have bigger appetites and a tendency to lose weight

the metabolic rates of proteins, fats and carbohydrates are boosted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cellular changes occur with increased BMR

A

increase in number and size of mitochondria

increased oxygen use and rate of ATP hydrolysis

increased synthesis of respiratory chain enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sleep

A

patient may find it difficult to sleep as they are constantly agitated and irritable

may also have lots of energy at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

menstrual cycle

A

irregular (oligomenorrhoea) and may also complain of loss of libido

light bleeding and less frequent periods, they can disappear completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

behaviour

A

tremor

agitation - feeling on edge

apparent restlessness

behavioural changes - emotional lability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GI

A

Diarrhoea

frequent, loose bowel movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vision

A

lid retraction

double vision

thyroid eye disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

medical term for double vision

A

diploplia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hair and skin

A

hair becomes brittle and thin

rapid fingernail growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal TSH and TH levels

A

TSH: 0.4-4.0 mU/L

T3: 9.9-22

fT4: 0.9-2.6

17
Q

goitre

A

enlargment of the thyroid gland

18
Q

causes of goitre

A

iodine deficiency, hypo and hyper thryoidism, Grave’s disease

nodular causes: adenoma, carcinoma and TMNG

19
Q

what can goitre cause

A

compression of local structures - difficulties breathing and swallowing

20
Q

DeQuervain’s thyroiditis

A
  • transient (self-limiting) hyperthryoidism from an acute inflammatory process (probably viral in origin)
  • there is usually fever, malaise and pain in the neck with tachycardia and local thyroid tenderness
21
Q

outline the 4 phases of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A
  1. (3-6 weeks): hyperthyroidism, painful goitre, raised ESR
  2. (1-3 weeks): euthyroid
  3. (weeks-months): hypothyroidism
  4. Thyroid structure and function returns to normal
22
Q

treatment of DeQuervain’s thyroiditis

A

acute phase - aspirin

short term prednisolone in severely symptomatic cases

23
Q

other causes of thyroiditis

(which drugs +)

A

post partum

drug induced eg amiodarone

24
Q

other causes of thyrotoxicosis not associated with hyperthyroidism

A

exogenous thyroid hormones: over treatment with levothyroxine or thyrotoxicosis factiita (self/deliberate poisoning)

rarely, ectopic thyroid tissue:

  • metastatic thyroid carcinoma
  • struma ovarii - ovarian teratoma containing thyroid tissue
25
Q

what drugs can the production of thyroid hormones be inhibited by

A

carbimazole and proplythiouracil (PTU)

work by inhibiting the attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues on thryoglobulin to from MIT and DIT

26
Q

how are CBZ and PTU started

A

intitially at a high dose and then gradually reduced over the course of 12-18 months

27
Q

side effects of CBZ

A

risk of agranulocytosis (dramatically lowered neutrophils, can lead to dangerous sepsis)

  • if the patient develops a dry cough/sore throat the medication must be stopped immediately
  • risk is highest within the first 6 weeks of being on the drug
28
Q

what medication is given to treat the heart problems associated

A

atrial fibrillation and tachycardia

  • ß blockers eg propanolol
29
Q

radio iodine

A

use of radioactive iodine 131 can suppress excretion of exces hormone

one off oral dose to destroy cells within the thyroid gland

30
Q

what often happens post radio iodine treatment

A

become hypothyroid - managed with medication

can also precipitate a thyroid storm

31
Q

what is the usually cause of a painful neck swelling and hyperthyroidism

A

thyroidits

RB Y2 Endocrine - 2 Thyroid (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions