HYPERTENTION Flashcards
What is hypertension?
Hypertension is defined as sustained elevations in systolic or diastolic blood pressure that exceed prehypertension levels.
What is the formula for blood pressure (BP)?
BP = CO (cardiac output) × PR (peripheral resistance)
What factors affect blood pressure?
Blood pressure is affected by age, body size, diet, activity, emotions, pain, position, gender, time of day, and disease states.
What is the normal blood pressure range for adults?
Normal BP for adults ranges from 100/60 to 119/79 mm Hg.
What are the two measurements of blood pressure?
The two measurements are systolic BP (top number) and diastolic BP (bottom number).
What is prehypertension?
Prehypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg.
What are the classifications of hypertension?
Hypertension is classified into Stage 1 (systolic 140-159 or diastolic 90-99) and Stage 2 (systolic >160 or diastolic >100).
What is essential hypertension?
Essential hypertension is sustained elevated BP with no known cause, accounting for about 95% of cases.
What is secondary hypertension?
Secondary hypertension is elevated BP that results from or is secondary to some other disorder.
What is white-coat hypertension?
White-coat hypertension describes elevated BP that develops during evaluation by medical personnel due to anxiety.
What are some risk factors for essential hypertension?
Risk factors include obesity, inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and ineffective stress management.
What complications can arise from hypertension?
Complications include heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.
What are common signs and symptoms of hypertension?
Clients may experience headaches, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nervousness, nosebleeds, and blurred vision.
What diagnostic tests are used for hypertension?
Tests include electrocardiography, echocardiography, chest radiography, and blood tests for renal function.
What is the primary objective of hypertension therapy?
The primary objective is to lower BP and prevent major complications.