hypertension pharmacology

Question 1

amlodipine works by blocking…

Answer 1

L-type voltage gated calcium channels

Question 2

calcium channel blockers

Answer 2

blocks L-type voltage gated calcium channels, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction
se-ankle oedema

Question 3

what stimulates renin production

Answer 3

reduced stretch in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 4

for a drug to reduce the action of the RAAS system should it enhance or inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme

Answer 4

inhibit

Question 5

ACE breaks down bradykinin. Bradykinin excess is correlated with cough and angioedema .What side effects might you expect with ACEi

Answer 5

cough and angioedema

Question 6

ace inhibitors

Answer 6

eg ramipril

• inhibit action of ACE therefore decrease in angiotensin II
  se: cough and angioedema

Question 7

what might be a target for RAAS blockade?

Answer 7

AT1 angiotensin II receptors

Question 8

will angiotensin II receptors cause an increase in bradykinin

Answer 8

no

Question 9

if aldosterone is impaired, what might happen to serum potassium

Answer 9

rise

Question 10

ARBS- angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 10

eg losartan

• blocks AT receptors therefore decrease in effects of angiotensin II
  se: hyperkalaemia CI:pregnancy

Question 11

potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 11

eg spironolactone
aldosterone receptor antagonist therefore inhibiting reabsorption of Na from distal CT
se:hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, gynaecomastia

Question 12

thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 12

indapamide

• inhibit Na reabsorption at proximal DCT
  se: hypokalaemia,hyponatraemia metabolic alkalosis

Question 13

alpha blockers

Answer 13

eg doxazosin
antagonise smooth muscle a2 receptors
se:hypotension, headache
dilates veins and arteries

Question 14

beta blockers

Answer 14

eg bisoprolol
antagonise B2 receptors,resulting in negative chronotropy and isotropy
se:bradycardia
reduce cardiac output