HYPERTENSION INTRODUCTION Flashcards
What is high BP
This is the force exerted on the walls of the Peripheral arteries
what are some of the secondary CONDITIONS THAT causes of Hypertension
CKD
CURSHING SYNDROME
HYPERTHYRIODISM
drugs and natural products that may increase blood pressure
—St. John’s wort
–ginseng
–sodium
–ethanol
–licorice
what is the difference between hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
Both have blood pressure > 180 mmhg systolic or 120 mmhg diastolic however emergency comes with organ damage
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION
- Physical Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyle increase HR,
the higher the HR, harder the heart has to work. Lack
of physical activity also leads to overweight - Overweight & Obesity ;
Obese individuals have more fatty tissue increasing their vascular resistance and in turn increases the work the heart has to do to pump blood throughout the body - Race: More common in Blacks and often develops
at an earlier age than in whites. Serious
complications such as stroke, MI and renal failure
also more common. - Family history : Hypertension runs in families
- Using tobacco: smoking or chewing tobacco
temporarily increase BP and the chemicals also
damage the lining of the artery. - Increase consumption of sodium: Na cause fluid
retention which increases BP - Inadequate potassium in diet: lack of K+ causes Na
retention - Increased consumption of alcohol: overtime heavy
drinking damages the heart. More than 2 drinks/day
for men and more than one/day for women may
increase the BP. - Stress: High levels of stress may lead to
temporary increase in BP. - Certain Chronic disease: chronic conditions
may increase BP eg Sleep apnea & kidney
disease
TRUE OR FALSE
The diagnosis of hypertension should be based ON
ONE readings taken
FALSE
Base on the ACC/AHA Guideline what are the different stages of BP and their values ?
Normal ; <120 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg
Elevated; 120–129 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg
Stage 1 130–139 mm Hg or 80–89 mm Hg
Stage 2 ≥140 mm Hg or ≥90 mm Hg
what does DASH diet mean
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
its fruits, vegetables, low fat or nonfat dairy
Non Pharma logical options to loses lower your blood pressure
Weight reduction 5-20 mmhg /10 kg
Dash - 8-14 mm/hg
physical activity 4-9 mm/mg
sodium restriction 2- 8 mmhg
Moderation of alcohol
Consumption 2-4 mmHg
using 2017 ACC/AHA guideline patient BV have a blood pressure of 125/80 mmhg what would be your recommendation of treatment
healthy life style changes reassess in 3 months
using 2017 ACC/AHA patient NB has a blood pressure of 136 /87
do a 10 year risk assessment if its less then 10% then recommend healthy life style changes and reassess in 3 months.
if the patients is > than 10% then healthy life style changes , initiate pharma logical therapy ensure the patient do a monthly follow up until BP in under control.
using 2017 ACC/AHA patient RT has a blood pressure of 130/97 what is ur recommendations
life style changes , initiate 2 drugs and do a monthly follow up until the patient is under control .
using 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines what are your first line therapy class of drugs
*thiazide diuretics,
*CCBs,
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs*
true or false
Spironolactone is preferred for the treatment of primary
aldosteronism and in resistant hypertension.
true
Capoten
Captopril
