Hypertension, CAD, and ACS

Question 1

What are the three kinds of hypertension?

Answer 1

Primary, secondary, and hypertensive crisis

Question 2

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 2

The elevated blood pressure is its own problem

Question 3

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 3

Blood pressure is elevated due to something else happening in the body

Question 4

What is a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 4

An uncontrolled spike in blood pressure

Question 5

How are diabetes and CV disease related?

Answer 5

The main cause of death in diabetes is CV disease, and secondary hypertension may develop as a result of the diabetes.

Question 6

Describe the Renin-Angiotensin system.

Answer 6

Decreased pressure in afferent arterioles stimulates renin release. Renin reacts with angiotensin to form angiotensin I. ACE converts Angiotensin I to II which is a powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone release. Aldosterone increases sodium and water retention in the kidneys. Net effect = increased BP

Question 7

What are some potential causes of primary hypertension?

Answer 7

Increased blood volume, inappropriate autoregulation, overstimulation of sympathetic neural receptors in the myocardium and vessels, and hormonal inhibition of sodium-potassium transport across cell membranes in kidneys and blood vessels

Question 8

Describe the disease process of primary hypertension?

Answer 8

Once the systemic arteries detect an increased cardiac output, the body tries to slow blood flow by causing vasoconstriction and increasing SVR. Once blood volume returns to normal the vascular tone remains inappropriately high, leading to vascular damage. MAINTAINED BY THE ALTERATION IN VASCULAR REGULATION