Hypertension And Cardiovascular Risk Flashcards
What is hypertension
Hypertension is the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It contributes to 9.4 million deaths worldwide annually. It is a chronically elevated blood pressure
What is normal blood pressure
Systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80
What is pre-hypertension
Pre-hypertension is systematic of 120 to 139 and diastolic of 80-89
What is hypertension stage one
Cystolith of 140 to 159 or diastolic of 90 to 99
What is hypertension stage two
Systolic of 160+ or diastolic of greater than 100
What is essential hypertension
Unknown causes of blood pressure elevation.
What is secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure attributed to a definable cause
What are some essential hypertension factors
Heredity genetics such as having genes coding for the REnin angiotensin system. Diabetes insulin assistance obesity hypertension
Why might the heart have high cardiac output
Because of sympathetic overactivity
What happens when someone is insulin resistant
There will be an increase in sympathetic nerve activity and it will also stimulate smooth muscle cell hyper trophy
What is likely the reason in young hypertensive patients
High cardiac output
What is the reason in older hypertensive patients
Elevated total peripheral resistance
What is renal parenchymal disease
It’s when the nephrons are unable to secrete sodium and water causing an increase in blood volume as well as cardiac output and increased blood pressure
What is renovascular hypertension
It’s a stenosis of one or both renal arteries
What happens to hyper thyroid patients
They develop hypertension due to increased cardiac hyperactivity also an increase in blood volume
What happens to hypo thyroid patients
They have a diastolic hypertension and increased peripheral vascular resistance
What is pheochromocytoma
It’s a catecholamine secreting tumour usually in the adrenal medulla
What happens when there is an excess of mineralocorticoids
This is usually aldosterone which will lead to an increased sodium retention which causes an increase in blood volume
What happens when there is an excess of glucocorticoids
this will increase blood volume and stimulation of renin angiotensin system
What is the running path way to increase blood pressure
Angiotensin agenda is converted into angiotensin one by running then angiotensin one is converted to angiotensin two by eights and say angiotensin II is then able to perform different things in order to increase blood pressure such as increasing aldosterone secretion which will cause a sodium to write a routine in the blood also the brain will stimulate for vasopressin secretion which will stimulate more through some more water enters into the bloodstream I’m in the Hardy to increase contractility also there will be more vasoconstriction a crane and norepinephrine will be released
What is cardiac adiposity?
It’s increased cardiac mass due to an increase in epicardium fat and fatty infiltration of the myocardium.
