Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen Med (Cardio) > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

A blood pressure of what is the most widely accepted definition of hypertension?

A

More than 140mmHg systolic and/or 90mmHg diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which ethnic group has the highest prevalence of hypertension?

A

Afro-Caribbean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension?

A

Obesity, smoking, alcohol, high salt intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a patient has a one-off blood pressure reading of > 140/90 in clinic, what should you do next?

A

Repeat the test (if the second reading varies a lot from the first, repeat it again)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What investigation must be done in order to diagnose hypertension?

A

Home or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

On home or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, what result would be diagnostic of hypertension?

A

An average waking blood pressure of > 135/85mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a vascular condition which can cause secondary hypertension?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some medications that can cause secondary hypertension?

A

HRT/COCP, steroids, NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of accelerated hypertension?

A

BP > 180/110mmHg in combination with severe retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What medications can potentially be used in cases of hypertensive emergencies?

A

IV labetalol or GTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of malignant hypertension? What clinical sign can be seen in these cases?

A

Diastolic pressure > 130-140mmHg / papilloedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If an ACE inhibitor, Ca channel blocker and thiazide diuretic are not adequately controlling hypertension, and the potassium level is < 4.5mmol/L, what drug(s) should be considered next?

A

Low dose spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If an ACE inhibitor, Ca channel blocker and thiazide diuretic are not adequately controlling hypertension, and the potassium level is > 4.5mmol/L, what drug(s) should be considered next?

A

Alpha or beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug is especially effective for treating resistant hypertension?

A

Spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a fairly common side effect of ACE inhibitors? If this occurs, what group of drugs should be used instead?

A

Dry cough / ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the target blood pressure in adults aged < 80?

A

< 140/90

17
Q

What is the target blood pressure in adults aged > 80?

A

< 150/85

18
Q

What is the target blood pressure in adults with diabetes?

A

< 130/80

19
Q

Which organ systems are most likely to be affected by hypertension?

A

Cardiovascular, renal, neurological and ophthalmic

20
Q

What side effect of the use of anti-hypertensive medications is very common in the elderly?

A

Postural hypotension

21
Q

What are some drugs that can be used to manage hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol, nifedipine, hydralazine, methyldopa

22
Q

Metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed when 3 out of what 4 features are present?

A

Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance

23
Q

What are some features that would make you suspicious of secondary hypertension?

A

Early onset (< 40), unexpectedly severe, resistant hypertension

24
Q

What are some renal causes of secondary hypertension?

A

CKD, renal artery stenosis, PKD

25
Q

What are some endocrine causes of secondary hypertension?

A

Phaeochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome

26
Q

What is some lifestyle advice that should be offered to patients with hypertension?

A

Lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, reduce alcohol, low salt diet (ideally to < 6g/day)

27
Q

What is a common cause of apparently resistant hypertension?

A

Non-compliance with medication

28
Q

What is the first line drug for the management of hypertension in those aged < 55?

A

ACE inhibitor / ARB

29
Q

What is the first line drug for the management of hypertension in those aged > 55?

A

Ca channel blocker

30
Q

What is the first line drug for the management of hypertension in those of Afro-Caribbean origin (of any age)?

A

Ca channel blocker

31
Q

What is the first line drug for the management of hypertension in diabetics (of any age)?

A

ACE inhibitor / ARB

32
Q

If a single drug agent is not adequately controlling hypertension, what should be done next?

A

Combine two of the following: ACE inhibitor, Ca channel blocker, thiazide diuretic

33
Q

If two drugs are not adequately controlling hypertension, what should be done next?

A

Combine an ACE inhibitor, Ca channel blocker and thiazide diuretic

34
Q

A 10 year CV risk of what is considered significant? In Scotland, what tool can be used to calculate this risk?

A

> 20% / ASSIGN score

35
Q

When a patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension, what other investigations are required to assess their risk of cardiovascular disease?

A

Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile

36
Q

When a patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension, what other investigations are required to look for evidence of target organ damage?

A

ECG, U&Es and urinalysis, fundoscopy

37
Q

What are the two general principles of management of hypertension?

A

Lifestyle modifications and drug treatment

Gen Med (Cardio) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions