Hypertension Flashcards
What is the definition of hypertension?
> 140/90mmHg
Why is it important to treat hypertension?
It is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease and heart failure
What is the classification of grade 1 hypertension?
140/90 - 159/99 mmHg
What is the classification of grade 2 hypertension?
160/100 - 179/109 mmHg
What is the classification of grade 3 hypertension?
> 180/110 mmHg
What percentage of cases of hypertension does primary hypertension account for?
90%
What are the risk factors for primary hypertension?
Age Male Black/carribbean Genetic factors Low/no physical activity Obesity High fat diet Excessive alcohol consumption Stress
What are the potential causes of secondary hypertension?
Hyperaldosteronism Phaechromocytoma Thyroid disorders Cushing's syndrome Co-arctation of the aorta Renal artery stenosis Renal parenchymal. disease NSAIDs Herbel remedies Cocaine Exogenous steroid use Obstructive sleep apnoea
Most patients with hypertension are asymptomatic. However, what symptoms can occur?
Headaches
Visual disturbances
Patients require either 24 hour ambulatory pressure monitoring or home blood pressure monitoring for a diagnosis of hypertension to be made. T/F?
True
What examinations should be conducted in a patient with hypertension?
BP in both arms Weight/BMI Xanthelasma Pulses Oedema Rashes Heart murmurs Lung failure Renal masses Kidney or carotid bruit Eyes
What initial investigation s should be done for hypertensive patients?
U&Es Glucose Lipid profile TFTs LFTs Urine dipstick
If secondary hypertension is suspected, what further investigations can be conducted?
Renin and aldosterone 24hr catecholamines Echocardiogram Renal ultrasound MRA renal
What lifestyle measures should be addressed in the treatment of hypertension?
Exercise Weight loss Reduction in salt intake Reduction in alcohol intake DASH diet Smoking cessation
What class of drugs is used for the first line treatment of hypertensive patients under the age of 55?
ACE inhibitor or ARB
