HYPERTENSION Flashcards
1
Q
Hypertension: precursor to
A
hypertensive retinopathy
cerebrovascular disease
renal failure
cardiovascular disease
2
Q
Primary (Essential) Hypertension: mechanism of action
A
- neural (overactive sns)
- renal (sodium retention)
- vascular (inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling)
- hormonal (RAAS, aldosterone)
3
Q
Hypertension: Risk Factors
A
Modifiable: Smoking Diet Excess alcohol intake Obesity/weight gain Physical inactivity
Non-modifiable: age race family history dyslipidemia diabetes personality traits
4
Q
Secondary Hypertension: cause
A
Renal disease Medication induced Thyroid/Parathyroid disease Obstructive sleep apnea Pheochromocytoma Coarctation of the aorta Primary aldosteronism Renovascular disease Cushing's syndrome
5
Q
Secondary Hypertension: when to suspect
A
young age of onset
onset of diastolic HTN at age older than 50 years
target organ damage at presentation
signs of secondary causes
poor response to generally effective therapy
