Hypertension Flashcards
Organs involved in regulation of blood pressure
Heart (CO) Vessels (TPR) Liver Lungs Kidneys Adrenal glands (endocrine organ)
Antihypertensive Drug Classes
A B C D E
Cardiac output
CO = SV x HR
CO - cardiac output
SV - stroke volume
HR - heart rate
Arterial BP
is the mean blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure, calculation
MAP = CO x TPR
MAP - mean arterial pressure
CO - cardiac output
TPR - total peripheral resistance
Systolic BP
The pressure in the arteries during systole (while the ventricles are contracting).
Diastolic BP
The pressure in the arteries during diastole (while the ventricles are relaxing and filling with blood).
Drug classes in the “A” of ABCDE
ACE Inhibitors (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors)
Angtiotensin Receptor Blockers
Alpha 1 receptor blockers
In terms of BP regulation, the liver produces
Angiotensinogen
In terms of BP regulation, the kidneys produce ___ in response to ____
Renin
Low blood pressure
Renin’s role in blood pressure regulation
Produced in the kidneys renin acts in the liver stimulating the breakdown of angiotensinogen produced by the liver into angiotensin I
Renin (kidneys) acts on angiontensinogen (liver) to produce angiotensin I.
What happens to angiontensin I?
It circulates in the blood stream until it comes into contact with the membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs.
In terms of BP regulation, the lungs produce ___
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
What does ACE do?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angtiotensin I into angiotensin II, an important regulator of blood pressure.
What does angiotensin II do?
In increases blood pressure via a number of mechanisms:
- Binds to angiontensin II receptors throughout the body.
- Increases sympyathic activity
- Causes vasoconstriction
- Increases aldosterone
