Hypertension Flashcards
Alpha-2 receptors inhibit….
Norepinephrine release
Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors located on arterioles and venules causes….
Vasoconstriction
Activation of beta-2 receptors causes….
Vasodilation
Beta-1 receptors are located on
The heart and kidneys
Beta-1 receptors regulate…
HR and contractility impacting cardiac output
Blocking beta-1 receptors….
Decreases CO, peripheral resistance and BP
BP rises as a result of
Sodium and water elimination by kidney,
In turn plasma volume, CO and BP decrease
Dysfunction of this raises BP and plasma volume
Renin is released in response to….
Changes in BP, caused by reduced renal perfusion, decreased intravascular volume or increased circulation of catecholamines
Angiotensin I is converted into
The vasoconstrictor angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Angiotensin II causes
Vasoconstriction and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland resulting in water and salt retention
Thiazides
Mechanism of action
Increasing urinary excretion of sodium and chloride in equal amounts and inhibit reabsorption
Thiazides
Contraindications
Not recommended in pts with creatinine clearance of <30mL/min
Renal decompensation
Hypersensitive to thiazides or Sulfonamides
Thiazides
Adverse events
Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypercalcemia Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia GI upset Tinnitus Paresthesia
K+ sparing diuretics have the potential for causing ….
Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, especially in pts with renal insufficiency or diabetes. Pts with concurrent tx with an acei, nsaids, or k+ supplements
Beta-1 receptors (heart and kidneys) regulate….
Heart rate
Renin release
Cardiac contractility
Beta-2 receptors (lungs, liver, pancreas, and arteriolar smooth muscle) regulate ….
Bronchodilation and vasodilation