Hypertension

Question 1

Persistent high be. Systolic pressure >140, diastolic pressure is equal to /> 90 when taken @ least twice and averaged on 2 different occasions, 2 wks apart.

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

Amount of pressure being exerted against the vessel walls while the heart is relaxed and no added pressure from blood being forced out of L. ventricle & into the arteries.

Answer 2

Diastolic pressure

Question 3

Normal :< 120/80
Prehypertension :120-139 diastolic 80-89
Stage 1 :140-159 diastolic 90-99
Stage 2: 160- 179 diastolic 100 & above

Answer 3

BP CLASSIFICATIONS

Question 4

Ha
blurred vision
Black out
Irritability 
Angina (chest pain)
Dyspnea ( difficult breathing)
Fatigue

Answer 4

Signs and symptoms of hypertension

Question 5

Also called malignant hypertension. A life threatening situation in which the BP rises higher than 180/120 and there is indications of target organ damage.

Answer 5

Hypertension crisis

Question 6

S/S of HTN Crisis

Answer 6

Severe HA, morning
Blurred vision
Seizures
Nausea
Change in LOC (confusion)

Question 7

Occurs when BP rises to 180/110 but there is no sign and symptoms of target organ damage. Treated with oral medications.

Answer 7

HTN Urgency

Question 8

Stage 1: asymptomatic
Stage 2: claudication
* muscle pain, cramping, or burning w/ exercise
* pain relieved with rest

Answer 8

Stages of PVD

Question 9

Venous Thrombosis

Answer 9

Blood clot

Question 10

Types of VT

Answer 10

Thrombophlebitis: is associated with inflammation
Phlebothrombus: associated without inflammation
Phlebitis: vein inflammation associated with invasive procedure like IV site
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): more serious than superficial Thrombophlebitis becuz of risk of pulmonary embolism.

Question 11

Bed rest
●Elevate affected extremity above level of heart
●Avoid using knee gatch or pillow under knees
●Do not massage extremity
●Provide thigh-high compression or antiembolism stockings to reduce venous stasis and to assist in venous return of blood to heart

Answer 11

DVT: Implementation

Question 12

●Calf or groin tenderness/pain with or without swelling
●Homan’s sign
●do not perform
● latest research shows the test was less than 40% accurate
●Increases the risk of creating an embolus
●Warm skin-tender to touch

Answer 12

DVT-Assessment Findings

Question 13

Administer intermittent or continuous warm, moist compresses prescribed
●Measure and record circumference of thighs and calves every shift and check peripheral pulses – most important
●Monitor for shortness of breath and chest pain – signs of pulmonary emboli
●Thrombolytic therapy may be prescribed for massive DVT– needs to be initiated within 5 days after onset of symptoms – treatment begins with Streptokinase

Answer 13

DVT: Implementation cont

Question 14

Distended, protruding veins that appear darkened and tortuous
●Vein walls weaken, dilate/lose elasticity, valves become incompetent
●Risk factors
●Familial tendency
●Obesity
●Pregnancy
●Assessment findings
●Pain in legs-dull and aching after standing
●Feeling of fullness in legs
●Ankle edema

Answer 14

Varicose Veins

Question 15

Trendelenburg Test
●Patient in supine position with legs elevated
●When patient sits up, if varicosities are present, veins fill from the proximal end – veins normally fill from the distal end
●Brodie-Trendelenburg Test
●Patient lies supine and elevates one leg 90 degrees for 30 seconds.
●Nurse places tourniquet snugly above knee – still feel pulse
●Patient stands for 30 seconds-release tourniquet
●Veins fill proximal to distal – positive results

Answer 15

Varicose Veins cont

Question 16

Assist with Trendelenburg test by placing patient in supine position with legs elevated
●Emphasize the importance of antiembolism stockings as prescribed
●Elevate legs as much as possible
●Avoid constrictive clothing and pressure on the legs
●Complications of varicose veins
●Embolus
●Leg ulcers
●Stasis dermatitis

Answer 16

Varicose Veins:Implementations