Hypertension

Question 1

What are the symptoms of Hypertension?

Answer 1

• asymptomatic
• sweating
• palpitations
• headaches
• nosebleeds
• SOB due to LVH or HF

Question 2

What is the normal, hypertensive ranges ?

Answer 2

120/80 = Optimal
130-139/85-89 = High normal
140-159/90-99 = Grade 1 hypertension
160-179/100-109 = Grade 2 hypertension
>180/>110 = Grade 3 hypertension

Question 3

What is the cause of essential hypertension?

Answer 3

1) Genetics
2) Fetal birth weight
3) Lifestyle: Obesity, smoking, alcohol, stress, salt.

4) congenital:
- adrenal hyperplasia,
- aortic coarctation,

5) Renal disease:
- diabetic nephropathy, -glomerulonephrits, -CKD,
- renal artery stenosis.

6) Endocrine disease:
- Conn’s syndrome (primary aldosteronism)
- adrenal hyperplasia
- Cushing’s
- Acromegaly

7) Drugs interact with antihypertensives:
- OCP
- NSAIDs
- Cyclosporin
- Steroids

8) Pregnancy
9) whit coat syndrome

Question 4

What investigations are done for hypertnsion?

Answer 4

• ECG (Left vent hyp)
• urine dipstick (protein / blood)
• fasting blood for lipids + glucose
• serum urea / creatinine
• U+Es (K+)
• Chest Xray (coarctation of aorta)

Question 5

What pharmacological interventions are made in the management of hypertension?

Answer 5

1)ACE inhibitors
2)Calcium Channel 3)Blockers
Diuretic (thiazide)

Question 6

What are the complications of hypertension

Answer 6

1) Stroke
2) Coronary artery disease
5) Left vent hypertrophy
3) renal failure
4) Periferal vascular disease