Hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
Grades of hypertension
A
Grade 1 140-159/90-99
Grade 2 160-179/100-109
Grade 3 >180/>110
2
Q
Malignant hypertension
A
>180/110 Rapid rise in BP with organ damage-> fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls -> renal failure -> aortic dissection -> stroke -> retinopathy
3
Q
Essential hypertension aetiology
A
Genetic
Foetal
Environmental
- obesity
- alcohol
- sodium
- stress
Humoral
- autonomic
- RAA
- natriuretic peptide
Insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome
4
Q
Secondary hypertension causes
A
Endocrine
- cushings
- acromegaly
- thyroid
- hyperparapthyroid
Adrenal
- conn’s syndrome
- adrenal hyperplasia
- phaeochromocytoma
Renal
- DM nephropathy
- chronic glomerulonephritis
- polycystic kidneys
- renovascular disease
Cardiovascular
-aortic coarction
Drugs
- NSAID’s
- oral contraceptives
- steroids
- carbenoxalone
- liquorice
- sympathomimetics
- vasopressin
- Maoi’s
5
Q
Cardio vascular changes in hypertension
A
Vessel wall thickening
- decreased lumen
- loss of compliance
Collagen and calcium deposition
Atheromatous
LV hyper trophy
- > atherosclerosis
- > aneurysm
- > Aortic dissection
- > pulmonary oedema
- > MI
6
Q
Renal changes in hypertension
A
Vascular changes result in deceased renal perfusion
- decreased GFR
- renin releases-> aldosterone
- Na retention
- > haematuria
- > uraemia
- > proteinuria
- > chronic kidney disease
7
Q
Cerebral changes in hypertension
A
Lacunae infarcts
Stroke
Dementia
- > haemorrhage
- > seizures
- > dementia
8
Q
Eye changes in hypertension
A
- > haemorrhage
- > exudates
- > AV nipping
- > pappiloedema
- > blindness
