Hypertension

Question 1

ACE inhibitor

Answer 1

• blocks enzyme that converts angiotensin 1 to potent angiotensin 2
• first line for treating hypertension or heart failure

Question 2

Captopril (capoten)

Answer 2

decreases water and sodium retention

absorbs well with oral administration

can cause hyperkalemia in DM, renal disease or taking spironolactone

vasodilating effect

Question 3

Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

ARB

Answer 3

cousin to ACE, has less adverse effects than ACE

Blocks vasoconstricting and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin 2

Question 4

Losartan (Cozzar)

Answer 4

ARB

reduces high BP, keeps vessels from narrowing, vasodilator

increases renal flow, enhancing chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate

Question 5

Antiadrenergic

Answer 5

inhibits activity of the SNS, sympatholytic

Question 6

Alpha 1 Adrenergic blockers

Answer 6

dilate blood vessels, decrease peripheral vascular resistance

first dose phenomenon can result in orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

Doxazosin (Cardura)
prazosin (Minipress)
terazosin (Hytrin)

Answer 7

Antiadrenergic; Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocker

cause vasodilation

Take at night due to first dose phenomenon

risk for falls

Question 8

Clonidine (Catapres)
guanfacine (Tenex)
methylodopa (Aldomet)

Answer 8

Alpha 2 agonist

treats hypertension but also ADHD

do not stop abruptly, decreases HR and contractility

Question 9

Beta Adrenergic Blocker

Answer 9

-OLOL

decreases HR, contracility, BP

first choice for people younger than 50 with high renin hypertension, tachycardia, MI, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 10

Atenolol (Tenormin)
metoprolol (lopressor)
propanolol (Inderal)

Answer 10

Beta Blockers

do not give to those who have asthma; beta blockers cause bronchospasms

risk for falls, HR decreased and BP decreased

can cause sedation type effects

Question 11

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 11

vasodilators, decrease peripheral vascular resistance by relaxing vascular smooth muscle

can cause lower extremity swelling

first line of choice for African Americans with Type 2 diabetes

monotherapy

Interaction: Beta Blockers!!

contraindicated with heart block and heart failure due to inotropic effects

Question 12

Nifedipine

Answer 12

Calcium Channel Blocker

treat angina

used to treat in hypertensive emergencies

Question 13

Thiazides

Answer 13

loss of water, Na, Cl, K in urine

safest of diuretics, wont cause dehydration

may need K supplement

HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide)

Question 14

Furosemide (Lasix)

Answer 14

LOOP diuretic

causes urination of water, Na, Cl, K

causes SEVERE dehydration

Question 15

Spironolactone

Answer 15

Potassium- sparing diuretic

blocks aldosterone, loss of water and sodium, but HOLDS ONTO POTASSIUM

caution when taking with ACE inhibitors due to hyperkalemia