Hypertension

Question 1

What damage can hypertension cause?

Answer 1

Damage to endothelial cells that can result in atherosclerosis.

Question 2

What are some long-term effects?

Answer 2

Coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and renal failure.

Question 3

Chronic hypertension patients have diminished sensitivity of their?

Answer 3

Arterial baroreceptors

Question 4

Define primary hypertension.

Answer 4

Elevated blood pressure that cannot be identified from a single specific cause.

Question 5

What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?

Answer 5

Renal artery stenosis

Question 6

What is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis?

Answer 6

Narrowing of the renal artery by atherosclerosis.

Question 7

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 7

Buildup of a plaque

Question 8

Any fibromuscular disease, or even a space-occupying lesion, can cause elevated blood pressure. (True/false)?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is stenosis?

Answer 9

Narrowing of a blood vessel

Question 10

What is a treatment for stenosis?

Answer 10

Angioplasty or surgery

Question 11

What is another cause of secondary hypertension, aside from renal artery stenosis?

Answer 11

Chronic volume overload

Question 12

How can volume overload be acquired?

Answer 12

1. Aldosteronism (too much aldosterone is secreted)

2. Pheochromactyoma

Question 13

What is pheochromacytoma?

Answer 13

Tumor in adrenal medulla that causes too much catechalmine secretion

Question 14

What do diseases such as Liddle’s disease and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 have in common?

Answer 14

Genetic diseases that result in volume overload in the circulation