Hypertension Flashcards
There is a direct relationship between ______ and _______ disease
hypertension, cardiovascular
____ _______ is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
Blood pressure
Hypertension affects __% of the adults in the US
33
Hypertension’s nickname is the ____ _____
silent killer
Stage 1 Hypertension ranges from systolic pressures ______ or diastolic pressures _______
140-159, 90-99
Prehypertension ranges from systolic pressures ____ or diastolic pressures ____
120-139, 80-89
When only the systolic pressure is elevated, it is known as ______ _______ _______
isolated systolic hypertension
Stage 2 Hypertension ranges from systolic pressures ______ or diastolic pressures _______
160 or higher, 100 or higher
List the four processes that regulate blood pressure
Arterial baroreceptors, body-fluid volume, Renin-Angiotensin system, vascular autoregulation
The _____ _______ produces vasoactive substances to maintain low arterial tone
vascular endothelium
The renal system controls ____ excretion and ___ volume
sodium, ECF
This kind of hypertension is responsible for 90%-95% of all cases. It has no known underlying cause.
Primary hypertension (idiopathic hypertension or essential hypertension)
This kind of hypertension is responsible for 5%-10% of all cases. It has an underlying cause.
Secondary hypertension
Two causes of primary hypertension, though not known why they happen, are increased _____ _______ ______ and increased _____ ______
peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume
List some risk factors for primary hypertension
Age, alcohol, tobacco, diabetes mellitus, elevated serum lipids, excess dietary sodium, gender, family history, stress, obesity, ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, socioeconomic status
Having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 140 after age 50 is a predictor of ________ risk
cardiovascular
Older adults are more likely to have ____ ______ hypertension, _____ hypertension, and ______ HYPOtension
“white coat”, orthostatic, postprandial