Hypertension Flashcards
What is Hypertension?
Chronically elevated blood pressure with a systolic pressure of 140mmHg or above or a diastolic pressure of 90mmHg or above
If other risks are present, hypertension reading is?
135/85
What are the 2 types of hypertension?
Primary and Secondary
What are 3 ways BP is regulated?
- The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System IINCREASES BP
- Natriuretic Peptide (ANP & BNP) Release: DECREASES BP
- ADH
What peptide is formed from angiotensinogen by renin?
Angiotensin I
By clipping off two more amino acids, angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II, the active form by?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
ANG II Causes?
Systemic vasoconstriction and renal salt and water retention, and tissue growth & Inflammation
Abnormal amounts of ANGII contribute to?
Insulin resistance, remodeling of BV, decrease release of endothelial vasodilators
Angiotensin II affects renal physiology in three ways?
- Decreases glomerular filtration rate via vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
- Enhances reabsorption of sodium and chloride
- Stimulates release of aldosterone
Impact of aldosterone release?
Increases sodium reabsorption = increased water retention = increased BV = Increases BP
How does ANP reduce BP?
Inhibits the release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH
The amount of blood that is filtered by the kidney plays an important role in?
Maintaining BP
Glomerular Filtration Rate is an important measure of?
Kidney Function
Cardiovascular & Kidneys system integrated to maintain?
BP
What are the characteristics of primary hypertension?
90% of cases
No underlying cause
Cannot be cured
What are the characteristics of secondary hypertension?
10% of cases
Cause is identifiable - renal failure, hyperthyroidism
Is corrected BP returns to normal
Effects of hypertension in body?
Stroke, kidney failure, Angina, heart attack
High BP is a sign that the heart & blood vessels are being?
Overworked
What are some anti-hypertensive drugs?
Diuretics, beta blockers, potassium replacements, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors
