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CARDIOLOGY Drugs > hypertension > Flashcards

hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide
chlorothiazide
metolazone (thiazide like diuretic)

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2
Q

what do you have to monitor with thiazides?

A

serum K!

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3
Q

where do thiazides work and what do they do?

A

on the descending tubule and increase Na/H2O excretion

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4
Q

what are loops good for?

A

acute pulm edema and hypercalcemia

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5
Q

are loops good for HTN?

A

nope. too fast acting, and too much risk for hypovolemia (good for HTN w/ kidney dysfunction)

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6
Q

name 4 loops

A

furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, torsemide

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7
Q

name 3 K sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride hydrochloride

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8
Q

in what way are K sparing diuretics helpful for HTN?

A

they are great combo drugs with thiazides (name them!) to help prevent hypokalemia

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9
Q

what is an osmotic agent?

A

mannitol

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10
Q

what is mannitol good for?

A

good for increased ICP, and to keep urine flowing in acute renal failure

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11
Q

what is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

A

acetazolamide

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12
Q

what is acetazolamide and what is it used for?

A

carbonic anydrase inhibitor diuretic

tx of glaucoma, mountain sickness

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13
Q

name 4 CCBs

A

diltiazam, verapamil, amlodipine, nifedipine

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14
Q

how do CCBs work? what do they do?

A

they block Ca channels causing vascular relaxation and dilation of arterioles (not veins)

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15
Q

what is a side effect of verapamil?

A

constipation esp in elderly

first degree AV blocks (dose dependent)

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16
Q

what are some side effects of the dihydropyridines?

A

headache, dizziness, flushing, peripheral edema, palpitations (due to the vasodilation)

17
Q

who should you definitely not use CCBs on? why?

A

CHF pts because of negative inotropic effects (shitty contractile strength)

18
Q

who respond really well to CCBs?

A

black people

19
Q

if you have a pt on warfarin or digoxin, and you want to use a CCB, which ones should you use?

A

dihydropyridines (show little interaction w/ other cardio drugs)

20
Q

what are better for HTN? dihydropiridines or other CCBs?

A

dihydro’s bc they have greater affinity for vascular Ca channels than heart Ca channels (low side effect profile)

21
Q

name 5 ACE inhibitors

A

lisinopril, captopril, benazepril, enalapril, quinapril

22
Q

who should NOT get an ACE inhibitor?

A

pregnant pts
anyone taking an ARB
black patients

23
Q

how do ACEs reduce BP?

A

blocks angiotensin II (vasodilates both arterioles and veins) and decreases aldosterone (decreased Na and H2O retention)

24
Q

whats an annoying side effect of an ACE?

A

dry cough…try an ARB if this occurs

25
Q

whats a kinda bad side effect of an ACE?

A

hyperkalemia – DONT use K supplements or K sparing diuretics

26
Q

name two angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

Losartan, valsartan

27
Q

who should get an ACE I as a FIRST LINE tx?

A

adults with chronic kidney disease

28
Q

name 3 B blockers

A

Propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol

29
Q

what are ARBs pretty good for?

A

pt’s with CKD
pt’s who dont tolerate ACEs (cough)
decreasing nephrotoxicity esp in DM pts

30
Q

what are some side effects of ARBS

A

hyperkalemia
BAD for pregnant mothers
BAD in combo with ACEs

31
Q

which beta blocker is non selective?

A

propranolol (acts on B1 and B2 receptors)

32
Q

which B blockers are selective of B1 receptors?

A

atenolol and metoprolol

33
Q

which B blocker is CONTRAINDICATED in asthma?

A

propanolol! non selective, also blocks B2 bronchodilation

34
Q

what are B blockers really good for?

A

fantastic for post MI + HTN

35
Q

name 3 alpha blockers

A

doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

36
Q

how do alpha blockers work?

A

block alpha 1 receptors and decrease PVR and relax arterial and venous smooth muscle

37
Q

what do alpha blockers cause (in a bad way)?

A

reflex tachycardia and syncope

38
Q

name 2 peripheral sympathetic inhibitor agents

A

guanethidine, reserpine

39
Q

name 3 central sympatholytic action drugs

A

clonidine, guanabenz, methyldopa

CARDIOLOGY Drugs (5 decks)

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