hypertension

Question 1

what is optimum blood pressure?

Answer 1

120/80

Question 2

what is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?

Answer 2

primary = no cause e.g age
secondary = known cause, e.g underlying health condition

Question 3

give a solution for white coat syndrome?

Answer 3

at home blood pressure monitoring by the patient or ABPM machine for a week or so

Question 4

describe stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 4

blood pressure greater than 140/90

Question 5

describe stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 5

blood pressure greater than 160/100

Question 6

describe stage 3 hypertension?

Answer 6

blood pressure over 180/110

Question 7

give 5 pieces of lifestyle advice to lower blood pressure?

Answer 7

exercise, less salt, less alcohol, less caffeine, stop smoking

Question 8

what treatment is given for hypertension in patients under 55 years old?

Answer 8

ACE inhibitor or ARB

Question 9

what treatment is given for hypertension in patients over 55 years or any age of African carribean backgrounds?

Answer 9

calcium channel blocker

Question 10

what is given for hypertension when a calcium channel blocker is not tolerated?

Answer 10

thiazide like diuretic

Question 11

give 2 ACE inhibitors, their doses and 3 general side effects?

Answer 11

lisinopril 10mg daily (increased to 20mg maintenance)
ramipril 1.5-2.5mg (increased to 10mg if needed)
side effects: dry cough, alopecia, dizziness

Question 12

give a sign of ACE inhibitor allergy?

Answer 12

angioedema

Question 13

give an example of an angiotensin 2 receptor blocker (ARB), its dose and one benefit of this over an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 13

losartan (under 75 years old 50mg) (over 75 years old 25mg)
works the same as an ACE inhibitor but doesn’t give the same dry cough

Question 14

give 2 calcium channel blockers, their doses, 2 side effects and a precaution?

Answer 14

amlodipine 5mg once daily
felodipine 5mg once daily
side effects: abdominal pain, dizziness
precaution: no grapefruit juice

Question 15

give an example of a thiazide like diuretic, its dose and its precautions?

Answer 15

indapamide 2.5mg in the morning
precautions: consider diabetes and gout getting worse

Question 16

what is the second step in hypertension treatment if step 1 isn’t sufficient?

Answer 16

calcium channel blocker In combination with an ACE inhibitor