Hypertension

Question 1

ACE inhibitor side effects

Answer 1

Hyperkalemia
Cough
Angioedema

Question 2

Benefit of beta blockers in cardiac disease

Answer 2

May show cardioprotective effect in the setting of myocardial ischemia or infarction

Question 2

Hydralazine falls under what drug category?

Answer 2

Vasodilator

Question 2

What side effect may occur if clonidine is abruptly discontinued?

Answer 2

Rebound hypertension

Question 3

First line of antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 3

ACE/ARB

Question 4

What is the significant benefit of using ACE/ARBS?

Answer 4

Decrease proteinuria
Slows decline of eGFR

Question 5

When would you switch from a thiazide diuretic to a loop diuretic?

Answer 5

Thiazide diuretics lose effectiveness at a lower GFR, and guidelines have recommended changing from a thiazide to a loop diuretic at GFR values below 30 mL

Question 6

Resistant hypertension is defined as

Answer 6

Uncontrolled BP despite using three antihypertensive medications, one of which is a diuretic

Question 7

In the presence of very high albuminuria, international guidelines consistently and strongly recommend the use of

Answer 7

ACE or ARB

Question 8

Lisinopril dosing

Answer 8

Initial 2.5 mg once daily
Max 40 mg daily

Question 9

On a dialysis day when should lisinopril be dosed and why?

Answer 9

After HD as medication is 50% dialyzable

Question 10

Losartan dosing

Answer 10

Initial 25 - 50 mg once daily
Max 100 mg/day in 1 or 2 divided doses

Question 11

Hydralazine oral dosing

Answer 11

Initial 10 mg 4x daily
Usual 100-200 mg in divided doses
Max 300 however >200 usually avoided d/t lupus like reaction

Question 12

Hydralazine IV dosing

Answer 12

10 to 20 mg every 4-6 hours
max 40 mg

Question 13

Labetalol oral dosing

Answer 13

Initial 100 mg BID
Usual 200-800 mg day divided in two doses

Question 14

Labetalol IV dosing

Answer 14

Initial: 10 to 20 mg over 1 to 2 minutes followed by 20 to 80 mg every 10 minutes until target blood pressure is reached