Hypertension

Question 1

What are the causes of hypertension

Answer 1

Ethnicity, age, (primary hypertension)
Drugs, pregnancy, kidney diseases (secondary hypertension)

Question 2

Describe the Renin -angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer 2

• when blood pressure is low, renin is released from the juxtaglomerular cells.
• Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
• ACE converts A1 to A2
• A2 activates AT1 receptor resulting in:
• vascular smooth muscle cell constriction
• Increases release of aldosterone (Na+ retention)
• thereby increasing blood pressure

Question 3

How is Blood Pressure calculated

Answer 3

BP = Cardiac Output (CO) x Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 4

a. Name the types of hypertension experienced in pregnancy

b. What is the first line treatment for hypertension in PREGNANCY ?

Answer 4

• Chronic
• Gestational
• Pre-eclampsia
  Labetalol (1st trimester only).
  other such as atenolol and metoprolol are options

Question 5

what is stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension

Answer 5

Stage 1 = > 135/85

Stage 2 = > 150/95

Severe hypertension clinic SBP > 180 or DBP >120

Question 6

Why do black people take ARB and not ACE i

Answer 6

Because they have reduced renal function

Question 7

difference between stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension

Answer 7

< 150 systolic = stage 1
> 150 systolic = stage 2

Question 8

primary and secondary hypertension

Answer 8

Primary = No cause
Secondary = its caused by something e.g existing disease