HYPERTENSION

Question 1

Definition of Hypertension

Answer 1

PERSISTENT systolic blood pressure of greater than OR equal to 140 mmHg systolic and greater than or equal 90 mmHg diatosic

Question 2

other term for primary hypertension

Answer 2

Essential HTN or Idiopathic Hypertension

80 to 95% of HTN cases

Question 3

Risk factors of HTN

Answer 3

1. Genetic
2. Age >60 yo
   3 Obesity BMI >30
3. Salt intake and Fat intake
4. Low Calcium and Potassium Intake***
5. Alcohol intake
6. Smoking
7. Psychosocial Stress
8. Sedentary Lifestyle

Question 4

Factors in the Pathophysiology of HTN

Answer 4

1. Increased in intravascular volume
2. Autonomic Nervous System
3. RAAS
4. Vascular Mechanisms/Remodeling

Question 5

Vascular Abnormalities

ano ang nangyayari sa Ion Transport & Endothelial Dysfunction?

Answer 5

Ion Transport
Na+ H exchanger –> Na+Ca+ exchange –> intracellular Ca –> increas pH –> increase Ca sensitivity –> increase CONTRACTILITY + enhanced sensitivity to mitogens – Vascular Smooth Muscle (VSM) cell growth –> increased vascular tone

Endothelial Dysfunction
Dec. NO
Inc. Endothelin

Question 6

Patient history:

Aling medications ang usually nakaka-increase ng BP sa patients?

Why?

and ano ang meron sa NSAIDs?

Answer 6

NSAIDs - antagonizes the effects of RAAS inhibitors and beta-blockers

Steroids

OCPs

Pinagbabawal na gaot/sympathomimetics: cocaine, ampetamines

Question 7

What is hypertensive headache?

Answer 7

experienced in the morning occiput

Question 8

Associated symptoms in hypertension?

Answer 8

Nape pain, DIZZINESS, PALPITATIONS (pagdadabog ng puso), Mabilis mapagod, Impotence

Question 9

SECONDARY CAUSES of Hypertension

Answer 9

Renal Parenchymal Disease - Number 1 cause of secondary HTN