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Question 1

what can the abdominopelvic cavity be divided into?

Answer 1

four quadrants and nine areas

Question 2

4 quadrants of abdominal region?

Answer 2

right upper quadrant

right lower quadrant

left upper quadrant

left lower quadrant

Question 3

what are the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic region?

Answer 3

right hypochondriac, epigrastric region, left hypochondriac

right lumbar, umbilicus, left lumbar

right iliac, hypogastric region, left iliac

(perineum is sometimes considered the 10th division)

Question 4

what organs are in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 4

The left upper quadrant is the location of the left portion of the liver, the larger portion of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine.

Question 5

what organs are in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 5

The right upper quadrant contains the right portion of the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, a small portion of the stomach, portions of the ascending and transverse colon, and parts of the small intestine.

Question 6

what organs are in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 6

The left lower quadrant houses the majority of the small intestine, some of the large intestine, the left female reproductive organs, and the left ureter.

Question 7

what organs are in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 7

right lower quadrant sits the cecum, appendix, part of the small intestines, the right female reproductive organs, and the right ureter

Question 8

purpose of the divisions of the abdominopelvic region?

Answer 8

help diagnose the source of abdominal pain and determine appropriate treatment.

Question 9

how are the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity defined?

Answer 9

defined by the intersection of the saggital plane with the umbilical plane (transverse plane through the navel)

Question 10

pain in the RUQ is associated with?

Answer 10

Pain in this region is associated with infection and inflammation in the gallbladder and liver or peptic ulcers in the stomach.

Question 11

pain in the LUQ region is associated with?

Answer 11

Pain in this region is associated with malrotation of the intestine and colon.

Question 12

pain in the RLQ is associated with?

Answer 12

Pain in this region is most commonly associated with appendicitis.

Question 13

pain in the LLQ is associated with?

Answer 13

Pain in this region is generally associated with colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) as well as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts in females.

Question 14

organs in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 14

The right hypochondriac region contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, the right kidney, and parts of the small intestine.

Question 15

organs in the left hypochondriac region?

Answer 15

left hypochondriac region contains part of the spleen, the left kidney, part of the stomach, the pancreas, and parts of the colon.

Question 16

organs in the epigastric region?

Answer 16

contains the majority of the stomach, part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the duodenum, part of the spleen, and the adrenal glands. This region pushes out when the diaphragm contracts during breathing.

Question 17

organs in the right lumbar region?

Answer 17

right lumbar region consists of the gallbladder, the right kidney, part of the liver, and the ascending colon

Question 18

organs in the left lumbar region?

Answer 18

left lumbar region consists of the descending colon, the left kidney, and part of the spleen.

Question 19

organs in the umbilical region?

Answer 19

umbilical region contains the umbilicus (navel), and many parts of the small intestine, such as part of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the illeum. It also contains the transverse colon (the section between the ascending and descending colons) and the bottom portions of both the left and right kidney

Question 20

organs in the right iliac region?

Answer 20

ight iliac region contains the appendix, cecum, and the right iliac fossa. It is also commonly referred to as the right inguinal region. Pain in this area is generally associated with appendicitis

Question 21

organs in the left iliac region?

Answer 21

The left illiac region contains part of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the left illiac fossa. It is also commonly called the left inguinal region

Question 22

organs in the hypogastric region?

Answer 22

hypogastric region (below the stomach) contains the organs around the pubic bone. These include bladder, part of the sigmoid colon, the anus, and many organs of the reproductive system, such as the uterus and ovaries in females and the prostate in males

Question 23

what is diverticulosis?

Answer 23

Diverticulosis is a condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of any portion of the digestive tract

Question 24

where are the divertula associated with diverticulosis found?

Answer 24

The pouches associated with diverticulosis are most often located in the lower part of the large intestine (the colon)

Question 25

how do diverticula occur?

Answer 25

These pockets occur when the inner layer of the digestive tract pushes through weak spots in the outer layer. A single pouch is called a diverticulum

Question 26

who is affected by diverticulosis?

Answer 26

Diverticulosis is a common condition in the United States that affects half of all people over 60 years of age and nearly everyone by the age of 80. As a person gets older, the pouches in the digestive tract become more prominent

Question 27

where and in who is diverticulosis uncommon?

Answer 27

Diverticulosis is unusual in people under 40 years of age. In addition, it is uncommon in certain parts of the world, such as Asia and Africa.

Question 28

causes of diverticulosis?

Answer 28

diverticulosis is uncommon in regions of the world where diets are high in fiber and rich in grains, fruits and vegetables, most doctors believe this condition is due in part to a diet low in fiber

Question 29

how might a low fibre diet cause diverticulosis?

Answer 29

low-fiber diet leads to constipation, which increases pressure within the digestive tract with straining during bowel movements. The combination of pressure and straining over many years likely leads to diverticulosis

Question 30

symptoms of diverticulosis?

Answer 30

It is possible that some people with diverticulosis experience bloating, abdominal cramps, or constipation due to difficulty in stool passage through the affected region of the colon

Question 31

how is the diagnosis of diverticulosis made?

Answer 31

diverticulosis is often found incidentally during evaluation for another condition or during a screening exam for polyps.

sigmoidoscopy uses a short tube to examine only rectum and lwoer part of colon. colonoscopy = larger tube to examine whole colon

Diverticulosis can also be seen by other imaging tests, for example, computed tomography (CT) scan or barium x-rays.

Question 32

treatment for diverticulosis?

Answer 32

Fortunately, most patients with diverticulosis do not have symptoms, and therefore do not need treatment. When diverticulosis is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating or constipation, your doctor may recommend a high-fiber diet to help make stools softer and easier to pass

easiest way to increase fiber intake is to eat more fruits, vegetables or grains. Apples, pears, broccoli, carrots, squash, baked beans, kidney beans, and lima beans are a few examples of high-fiber foods.

Question 33

how much fibre should we consume daily?

Answer 33

While it is recommended that we consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily, most people only get about half that amount.

Question 34

other than diet, what other treatments are there for diverticulosis?

Answer 34

• your doctor may recommend a supplemental fiber product such as psyllium, methylcellulose or polycarbophil. These products come in various forms including pills, powders, and wafers.
• Supplemental fiber products help to bulk up and soften stool, which makes bowel movements easier to pass.
• Your doctor may also prescribe medications to help relax spasms in the colon that cause abdominal cramping or discomfort

Question 35

complications of diverticulosis?

Answer 35

Diverticulosis may lead to several complications including inflammation, infection, bleeding or intestinal blockage. Fortunately, diverticulosis does not lead to cancer.

Question 36

what is diverticulitis?

symptoms?

Answer 36

Diverticulitis occurs when the pouches become infected or inflamed. This condition usually produces localized abdominal pain, tenderness to touch and fever. A person with diverticulitis may also experience nausea, vomiting, shaking, chills or constipation.

Question 37

how is diverticulitis treated?

Answer 37

Your doctor may order a CT scan to confirm a diagnosis of diverticulitis. Minor cases of infection are usually treated with oral antibiotics and do not require admission to the hospital

Question 38

what happens if diverticulitis is left untreated?

how is this complication treated?

Answer 38

can lead to an abcess outside the colon wall or a generalized infection in the lining of the abdominal cavity, a condition referred to as peritonitis.

Usually a CT scan is required to diagnose an abscess, and treatment usually requires a hospital stay, antibiotics administered through a vein and possibly drainage of the abscess

Question 39

what might repeated attacks of diverticulitis require?

Answer 39

Repeated attacks of diverticulitis may require surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon

intestinal blockage may occur in the colon -> surgery may be needed to remove involved part

Question 40

bleeding in colon as a result of diverticula is?

Answer 40

Bleeding in the colon may occur from a diverticulum and is called diverticular bleeding. This is the most common cause of major colonic bleeding in patients over 40 years old and is usually noticed as passage of red or maroon blood through the rectum.

Question 41

how is diverticular bleeding treated?

what might be required to determine the cause of bleeding?

Answer 41

• Most diverticular bleeding stops on its own; however, if it does not, a colonoscopy may be required for evaluation.
• If bleeding is severe or persists, a hospital stay is usually required to administer intravenous fluids or possibly blood transfusions.
• In addition, a colonoscopy may be required to determine the cause of bleeding and to treat the bleeding.
• Occasionally, surgery or other procedures may be necessary to stop bleeding that cannot be stopped by other methods