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Cardio > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Define essential hypertension

A

Is the term applied to 95% of hypertensive patients when no single cause can be identified

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2
Q

Structures involved with HTN

A

Arterioles
Arteries
Heart

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3
Q

Blood pressure is regulated by?

A

Relaxing or contracting of the smooth muscle around the arterioles

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4
Q

How does the blood flow?

A

From area of high pressure to lower pressure

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5
Q

As you get further away from the heart the blood pressure increase or decreases due to branching of the arterial tree

A

Decreases

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6
Q

What’s the importance of the Maintenance of arterial blood pressure

A

It’s essential for organ perfusion and nutrients

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7
Q

When inflating the cuff it should be [number range] mm Hg above the level where auscultatory sound disappears

A

20-30

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8
Q

When deflating the cuff what is the mm Hg per second and listen for the korotkoff sounds

A

2 mm Hg

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9
Q

What genetic factors can elevate BP

A

Sympathetic hyperactivity
Abnormal cardiovascular development
Renin-angiotensin system
Defects in natriuresis

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10
Q

Define secondary hypertension

A

High BP has an identifiable cause and should be suspected in patients with HTN at early age

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11
Q

Found in PE

A

Essential hypertension is usually asymptomatic

BP will be elevated on 3 or more separate occasions

Can have PMI ( long term uncontrolled HTN)

Mitral valve murmurs

S4 sounds

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12
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A
  1. Essential HTN
  2. Secondary HTN
    - Hyperthyroidism
    - stimulant use
    - adrenal steroids
    - OTC supplements
    - anorexic medications
    - NSAIDs
    - oral contraceptives
    - ETOH withdrawal
    - obesity
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13
Q

When evaluate new Dx of HTN ( specifically looking for evidence of?)

A

End organ damage or comorbidities

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14
Q

LABs drawn

A 
Fasting glucose
UA
CBC
Chemistry 
TSH
Lipid panel
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15
Q

Studies taken/ordered?

A

EKG

10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk ( if over 40)

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16
Q

What is the assessment?

A
  1. Must have elevated BP recordings on 3-5 separate visits

2. R/o causes of secondary HTN if suspected due to secondary causes

17
Q

First line of treatment if Patient is stage I and below

A 
Lifestyle modifications
Diet
Weight reduction ( 10 kg can lower SBP 5-20 mm Hg) 
Reduced ETOH consumption
Increase in physical activity
18
Q

First line pharmacological medication

A

Diuretics

ACEI

19
Q

Diuretics

A

HCTZ

20
Q

ACEI

A

End in -pril

Lisinopril

21
Q

ARBs ( angiotensin receptors blockers)

A

-sartan

Losartan

22
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

“Peripheral vasodilation”
Diltiazem
Amlodipine

23
Q

Alpha blockers

A

Terazosin

“ peripheral vasodilation”

24
Q

When managing HTN with medication, you need to?

A

Re-evaluate them one month after any medication change, usually give it 3 months before adjusting doses of medication

25
Q

What should this patients being doing T home?

A

Taking their blood pressure at least 3 times per week

26
Q

Initial care

A

Referral to MO to work up accompanying cardiovascular disease

Or

Secondary HTN if just discovering it and have had 3-5 readings that qualifies as HTN

27
Q

If They are well controlled on medication IDCs are able to?

A

Renew medication if needed

28
Q

What should be done every year to evaluate for kidney dysfunction

A

Blood work ( chemistry)

29
Q

Sustained elevated HTN can have what effect on the structures of the cardiovascular system

A

Structural changes in the heart and vasculature

30
Q

What cardiovascular disease can arise due to HTN

A

CAD
CHF
LVH

31
Q

How does HTN effect the kidneys

A

Can lead to chronic renal failure

32
Q

Additional conditions can arise due to HTN

A

Aortic dissection
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Eyes: retinal damage, hemorrhage

Cardio (6 decks)

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